Technological adaptation and the emergence of Levallois in Central Europe: new insight from the Markkleeberg and Zwochau open‐air sites in Germany

Picin, Andrea

doi:10.1002/jqs.2978

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The intermediate core morphologies, characterised by a hierarchisation of the flaking surfaces and core configuration with secant fracture planes, are considered hierarchised, and discriminated on the base of the direction of detachments (e.g. unidirectional, bidirectional or centripetal) as described in Picin 79 , Picin et al 80 . The study of the flake assemblage is performed by analysing the presence (cortex > 50% = cortical flake; cortex < 50% = semi-cortical flake) or absence of cortex, the number and direction of detachments on the dorsal face, the angle and the type of striking platform, the flaking axis, the presence of knapping accidents (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on Neanderthal dispersal and turnover from Stajnia Cave (Poland)

Picin

Hajdinjak

Nowaczewska

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The Micoquian is the broadest and longest enduring cultural facies of the Late Middle Palaeolithic that spread across the periglacial and boreal environments of Europe between Eastern France, Poland, and Northern Caucasus. Here, we present new data from the archaeological record of Stajnia Cave (Poland) and the paleogenetic analysis of a Neanderthal molar S5000, found in a Micoquian context. Our results demonstrate that the mtDNA genome of Stajnia S5000 dates to MIS 5a making the tooth the oldest Neanderthal specimen from Central-Eastern Europe. Furthermore, S5000 mtDNA has the fewest number of differences to mtDNA of Mezmaiskaya 1 Neanderthal from Northern Caucasus, and is more distant from almost contemporaneous Neanderthals of Scladina and Hohlenstein-Stadel. This observation and the technological affinity between Poland and the Northern Caucasus could be the result of increased mobility of Neanderthals that changed their subsistence strategy for coping with the new low biomass environments and the increased foraging radius of gregarious animals. The Prut and Dniester rivers were probably used as the main corridors of dispersal. The persistence of the Micoquian techno-complex in South-Eastern Europe infers that this axis of mobility was also used at the beginning of MIS 3 when a Neanderthal population turnover occurred in the Northern Caucasus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on Neanderthal dispersal and turnover from Stajnia Cave (Poland)

Picin

Hajdinjak

Nowaczewska

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Levallois and blade production techniques arrive with regionally dependent variation, and yet no matter when and where they first appear, changes to the cognition, anatomy, diet, and behaviour of hominins are inferred (e.g. Villa, 2009;Shipton, 2016;Picin, 2017;Akhilesh et al, 2018;Pappu and Akhilesh, 2019;Mathias et al, 2020;Moncel et al, 2020a;Meignen and Bar-Yosef, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the end of the Acheulean at global and continental levels suggests widespread persistence into the Middle Palaeolithic

Key

Jarić

Roberts

2021

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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The Acheulean is the longest cultural tradition ever practised by humans, lasting for over 1.5 million years. Yet, its end has never been accurately dated; only broad 300–150 thousand years ago (Kya) estimates exist. Here we use optimal linear estimation modelling to infer the extinction dates of the Acheulean at global and continental levels. In Africa and the Near East the Acheulean is demonstrated to end between 175 and 166 Kya. In Europe it is inferred to end between 141 and 130 Kya. The Acheulean’s extinction in Asia occurs later (57–53 Kya), while global models vary depending on how archaeological sites are selected (107–29 Kya). These models demonstrate the Acheulean to have remained a distinct cultural tradition long after the inception of Middle Palaeolithic technologies in multiple continental regions. The complexity of this scenario mirrors the increasingly dynamic nature of the Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record, suggesting contemporaneous hominin populations to have practised distinct stone-tool traditions.

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“…47% of the ‘prepared cores’ category; ca. 6% of total cores) are defined, based on Picin [ 96 ] and on recent work by Rosenberg-Yefet and Barkai [ 35 ], and Rosenberg-Yefet et al [ 92 ] as cores in which the volume is divided into two hierarchical surfaces, a striking platform and a flaking surface, with a partial or complete intersecting ridge separating the two surfaces. Striking platforms are usually prepared, and lateral and distal convexities of the flaking surface are configured by either debordant flakes or by preparational flaking of the core circumference.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Acheulian Jaljulia – Early human occupations in the paleo-landscape of the central coastal plain of Israel

Shemer

Greenbaum²,

Taha³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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The Lower Paleolithic Late Acheulian in the Levant marks a fascinating chapter in human cultural and biological evolution. Nevertheless, many aspects of the Late Acheulian are still undeciphered, hindered by the complex nature of each site on the one hand, a scarcity of wide, multidisciplinary studies on the other, and by difficulties in obtaining absolute chronology for this timeframe. Therefore, subjects such as human subsistence strategies and modes of adaptation, regional diversity, and the possible existence and nature of interactions between hominin groups are largely understudied. The discovery and study of Jaljulia, a large-scale Late Acheulian site at the central Coastal Plain, Israel, add valuable insights to the research of this chapter in human history. Considered to represent recurrent occupations at a favored, water and flint-rich setting, the site has provided extensive lithic assemblages obtained from several localities. Absolute chronology places the human activity on-site at roughly 500–300 ky (and possibly even later), which is suggested to be divided into several main occupation phases. Geomorphological and sedimentological analyses show a change in environmental conditions, from aeolian sand deposition and overlying Hamra soil during the Middle Pleistocene to high energy fluvial regime which transported large gravels in a north-south paleo-channel. Wetland environments, correlating to the human activity on site, developed later due to higher sea levels and a coastline shifts to the eastward, which caused a blockage of the Yarkon stream corridor to the sea by marine sand. In this paper we present results of the study of the site, including geomorphological formation and post-depositional processes, absolute chronology, lithic and faunal analyses. The site’s extensive lithic assemblages are currently under study and future investigations are expected to shed more light on the technological nature of Late Acheulian Jaljulia.

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Technological adaptation and the emergence of Levallois in Central Europe: new insight from the Markkleeberg and Zwochau open‐air sites in Germany

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

New perspectives on Neanderthal dispersal and turnover from Stajnia Cave (Poland)

New perspectives on Neanderthal dispersal and turnover from Stajnia Cave (Poland)

Modelling the end of the Acheulean at global and continental levels suggests widespread persistence into the Middle Palaeolithic

Late Acheulian Jaljulia – Early human occupations in the paleo-landscape of the central coastal plain of Israel

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