Techno-economics of novel refueling stations based on ammonia-to-hydrogen route and SOFC technology

Minutillo, Mariagiovanna; Perna, Alessandra; Trolio, Pasquale Di; Micco, Simona Di; Jannelli, Elio

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.03.113

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The proposed configurations were presented by the authors in previous papers [10,[21][22][23], in which the HRSs were sized for smaller hydrogen capacities (100 and 200 kg/day). In [10,21] in particular, ammonia-based HRSs with hydrogen capacities of 100 kg/day and 200 kg/day were proposed, respectively.…”

Section: Literature Overview On On-site Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the initial phase of low market penetration of FCEVs, it can be more feasible to distribute on-site small-scale hydrogen refuelling stations (HRSs). Moreover, in order to avoid CO 2 emissions, the use of renewable electricity [9] and zero-carbon sources (ammonia [10], biogas [11], microalgae [12]) can be the best solutions for assuring the "green hydrogen" production [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Costs Analysis of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Based on Different Hydrogen Sources and Plant Configurations

et al. 2022

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In this study, the authors present a techno-economic assessment of on-site hydrogen refuelling stations (450 kg/day of H2) based on different hydrogen sources and production technologies. Green ammonia, biogas, and water have been considered as hydrogen sources while cracking, autothermal reforming, and electrolysis have been selected as the hydrogen production technologies. The electric energy requirements of the hydrogen refuelling stations (HRSs) are internally satisfied using the fuel cell technology as power units for ammonia and biogas-based configurations and the PV grid-connected power plant for the water-based one. The hydrogen purification, where necessary, is performed by means of a Palladium-based membrane unit. Finally, the same hydrogen compression, storage, and distribution section are considered for all configurations. The sizing and the energy analysis of the proposed configurations have been carried out by simulation models adequately developed. Moreover, the economic feasibility has been performed by applying the life cycle cost analysis. The ammonia-based configurations are the best solutions in terms of hydrogen production energy efficiency (>71%, LHV) as well as from the economic point of view, showing a levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) in the range of 6.28 EUR/kg to 6.89 EUR/kg, a profitability index greater than 3.5, and a Discounted Pay Back Time less than five years.

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Section: Literature Overview On On-site Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Costs Analysis of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Based on Different Hydrogen Sources and Plant Configurations

et al. 2022

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“…Such an amount of energy corresponds to the thermal energy required to desorb roughly 4.2 g of hydrogen (Table 1). By considering a maximum reversible hydrogen content of 1.77% in weight, this estimated amount of hydrogen can be reversibly stored in 232 g of metal hydride alloy, that assuming a density of the powder of about 4000 kg/m 3 , is contained in about 58 cm 3 . As a consequence, considering that the cylinder length is equal to 130 mm (that is, two times the battery cell height), the resulting internal diameter of each canister is around 24 mm.…”

Section: Integrated Mh Storage Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) represent a sustainable solution for the mobility, even if the long recharge time and the high cost of the battery pack are critical issues for their diffusion [2]. The Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), on the other hand, is emerging as a promising solution given its potential to provide both longer range and shorter refueling time; however, the refueling infrastructure is still under development and has high investment costs [3][4][5]. In this context, Plug-in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (PFCEVs) overcome the drawbacks of the abovementioned solutions in terms of recharging time, refueling infrastructure and driving range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a plug-in fuel cell electric scooter with thermally integrated storage system based on hydrogen in metal hydrides and battery pack

et al. 2022

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The thermal management of lithium-ion batteries in hybrid electric vehicles is a key issue, since operating temperatures can greatly affect their performance and life. A hybrid energy storage system, composed by the integration of a battery pack with a metal hydride-based hydrogen storage system, might be a promising solution, since it allows to efficiently exploit the endothermic desorption process of hydrogen in metal hydrides to perform the thermal management of the battery pack. In this work, starting from a battery electric scooter, a new fuel cell/battery hybrid powertrain is designed, based on the simulation results of a vehicle dynamic model that evaluates power and energy requirements on a standard driving cycle. Thus, the design of an original hybrid energy storage system for a plug-in fuel cell electric scooter is proposed, and its prototype development is presented. To this aim, the battery pack thermal power profile is retrieved from vehicle simulation, and the integrated metal hydride tank is sized in such a way to ensure a suitable thermal management. The conceived storage solution replaces the conventional battery pack of the vehicle. This leads to a significant enhancement of the on-board gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, with clear advantages on the achievable driving range. The working principle of the novel storage system and its integration within the powertrain of the vehicle are also discussed.

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“…The transition from a hydrocarbon-based mobility to a hydrogen-based mobility requires a deep analysis on several techno-economic issues, ranging from the vehicles designing to the hydrogen production and distribution in the refueling station [1,2]. This last issue, that is crucial for the development of the market of hydrogen vehicles, requires the evaluation of the most promising hydrogen carriers that assure relatively low costs, high energy density and sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia as hydrogen carrier for realizing distributed on-site refueling stations implementing PEMFC technology

et al. 2020

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Ammonia is a particularly promising hydrogen carrier due to its relatively low cost, high energy density, its liquid storage and to its production from renewable sources. Thus, in recent years, great attention is devoted to this fuel for realizing next generation refueling stations according to a carbon-free energy economy. In this paper a distributed onsite refueling station (200 kg/day of hydrogen filling 700-bar HFCEVs (Hybrid Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) with about 5 kg of hydrogen in 5 min), based on ammonia feeding, is studied from the energy and economic point of views. The station is designed with a modular configuration consisting of more sections: i) the hydrogen production section, ii) the electric energy supplier section, iii) the compression and storage section and the refrigeration/dispenser section. The core of the station is the hydrogen production section that is based on an ammonia cracking reactor and its auxiliaries; the electric energy demand necessary for the station operation (i.e. the hydrogen compression and refrigeration) is satisfied by a PEMFC (Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) power module. Energy performance, according to the hydrogen daily demand, has been evaluated and the estimation of the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) has been carried out in order to establish the cost of the hydrogen at the pump that can assure the feasibility of this novel refueling station.

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Techno-economics of novel refueling stations based on ammonia-to-hydrogen route and SOFC technology

Cited by 48 publications

References 30 publications

Design and Costs Analysis of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Based on Different Hydrogen Sources and Plant Configurations

Design and Costs Analysis of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Based on Different Hydrogen Sources and Plant Configurations

Development of a plug-in fuel cell electric scooter with thermally integrated storage system based on hydrogen in metal hydrides and battery pack

Ammonia as hydrogen carrier for realizing distributed on-site refueling stations implementing PEMFC technology

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