Techno-economic framework for dynamic operator selection in a multi-tier heterogeneous network

Bugár, Gabriel; Vološin, Marcel; Maksymyuk, Taras; Zausinová, Jana; Gazda, Vladimír; Horváth, Denis; Gazda, Juraj

doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.102007

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The tokenization of infrastructure and spectrum is the key aspect of the aforementioned trading over the blockchain. The spectrum regulatory body defined the allocated money price of the radio resource token (RRT) based on the user request, area of deployment, and other economic values [52]. Besides, the infrastructure resource token (IRT) is recognized as a stable coin in fiat currency where the static price is subject to negotiation in BC smart contract based on location, type, energy cost, and so on.…”

Section: Blockchain Empowered 6g Wireless Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Convergence of Blockchain, IoT and 6G: Potential, Opportunities, Challenges and Research Roadmap

Jahid,

Alsharif,

Hall

2021

Preprint

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The world is undergoing a profound transformation with the advent of intelligent information era. The fundamental domains linked with smart living such as transportation, entertainment, healthcare, and smart cities are anticipated to elevate the level of service quality assuring a high-end user experience. 6G networks envisioned being the game changer in next generation wireless communication systems that will address the challenges of limited information speed escalated with the augmentation of billions of data applications encountered by the current fifth generation (5G) networks. Some key radical technologies in 6G together with existing 5G candidate schemes will guarantee the expected quality of experience (QoE) to attain ubiquitous wireless connectivity for the Internet of Everything (IoE) ranging from the telecom industry to digital smart industries. Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) is reforming the incumbent industry into smart infrastructure featured with 6G data-driven architecture. Blockchain technology (BCT) has gained significant attention due to undertake the decentralization, transparency, spectrum resource scarcity, inherent privacy and security, poor interoperability, confidentiality, and emerging smart applications domains including Industrial IoT and Industry 4.0. The mismatch between the requirements of many data intensive disruptive IoT applications and 5G network capabilities steered the demand of decentralized BCT based 6G architecture. Inspired by these facts, this paper studies an extensive survey to draw a new direction of blockchain integration into 6G mobile networks, IoT technologies, and smart industries focusing the potential merits and challenges in terms of infrastructure sharing, computational loads, latency, bandwidth overhead, business model, sustainability goals, and edge intelligence. We highlighted the convergence of IoT in blockchain to enable intelligent distribution in future industrial IoT and the technical model of 6G networks to realize the successful deployment of BCT schemes. This paper pointed out the current intriguing challenges, canvassed the mitigation techniques, and plausible future research opportunities that may benefit the pursuit of this vision.

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Section: Blockchain Empowered 6g Wireless Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…is digital equivalent to the fiat currency of the respective country where the cellular networks are deployed. Telecom operators have the capability to buy and sell RRT or IRT in exchange of nationwide cryptocurrency via a smart contract platform [52].…”

Section: Blockchain Empowered 6g Wireless Network Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Convergence of Blockchain, IoT and 6G: Potential, Opportunities, Challenges and Research Roadmap

Jahid,

Alsharif,

Hall

2021

Preprint

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“…In cognitive radio (CR) technology, FAP is utilized to carry out some self-crucial roles such as sensing, learning, and analyzing the environment to employ radio resources and improve the overall network performance. 12 Likewise, stochastic process will compute the level of the transmitted power and also shrink the cross-tier and co-tier interference as well as enhance the throughput in a positive approach. 13 One hopeful solution to improve the SE and EE is the reveal of heterogeneous network operation in which it consumes macro cells and small cells from the wireless LAN radio access technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a low power wireless access point (AP) which connects the mobile devices and network via digital subscriber line (DSL). In cognitive radio (CR) technology, FAP is utilized to carry out some self‐crucial roles such as sensing, learning, and analyzing the environment to employ radio resources and improve the overall network performance 12 . Likewise, stochastic process will compute the level of the transmitted power and also shrink the cross‐tier and co‐tier interference as well as enhance the throughput in a positive approach 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and spectral efficient resource allocation in 5G HetNet using optimized deep bi‐BRLSTM model

Tejasvi

Manjaiah

2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The heterogeneous deployment of ultra‐dense femto cell dispenses an enhanced coverage and capacity for the users in the 5G wireless communication system. Due to the substantial growth in wireless data traffic and the inflation of energy consumption, the design of energy and spectrum efficient wireless network is seems to be an extreme concern. Therefore, there is a need to develop an energy and spectrum efficient resource allocation model. The joint contribution of the maximization of energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) with its constraints is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem. The resource allocation (RA) issue in the network is handled by the hybrid deep bidirectional battle royale long short term memory (Deep bi‐BRLSTM) model. The loss function in the network model is taken as a consideration to optimize the SE and EE. Fuzzy based energy efficient adaptive atom search optimizer (FEEAAS) is instigated to optimize the trade‐off of EE and SE consecutively. It is embedded with high convergence rate with maximum efficiency which is suitable for power optimization with maximum resource allocation. The performance of the proposed model is implemented in Matlab Simulink platform. The simulation result reveals that the presented model attains an optimal trade‐off between the EE and SE and also improves the overall throughput and delay when compared with existing solutions.

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“…PLOs might respond to this potential existential threat and indulge in economic malpractices to manipulate certain economic parameters and impede resource sharing through SSMs. Such malpractices may raise the cost of secondary use of the radio spectrum to the extent that it is no more affordable for end-users than use of the licensed spectrum [12][13][14]. This could technically bring the emergence of CR technology and spectrum reuse to a halt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain Token-Based Trading Model for Secondary Spectrum Markets in Future Generation Mobile Networks

Khan

Jamali

Maksymyuk

et al. 2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Cognitive radio (CR) technology offers the possibility of an increase in spectrum utilization efficiency to resolve the prevalent spectrum scarcity problem. The economic survival of secondary spectrum markets (SSMs) is heavily dependent on the sharing of both the licensed spectrum and spectrum infrastructure by primary licensed operators (PLOs). In this research, an automated pricing model using a blockchain token called the spectrum dollar has been implemented for secondary radio spectrum trade. The use of spectrum dollars enables noncash-based secondary spectrum trade among PLOs based on a floor-and-trade rule. The pricing of spectrum dollars and the associated revenue shares are based on the underlying secondary spectrum trading behaviours of PLOs. PLOs that do not contribute enough secondary spectra to the SSM (to satisfy demand) suffer a loss proportional to the difference between their earned revenues and the specified floor value in the SSM. The secondary spectrum trade is assumed to be centrally managed by a spectrum broker, which announces the floor value for each bidding period while ensuring nonnegative revenue for the market itself. The use of the spectrum dollar along with the floor-and-trade methodology eliminates the possibilities for economic malpractice by PLOs that could increase spectrum reuse costs. In addition, the floor value provides automatic regulatory control to ensure the economic viability and prevent the technological hijacking of future SSMs.

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Techno-economic framework for dynamic operator selection in a multi-tier heterogeneous network

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

The Convergence of Blockchain, IoT and 6G: Potential, Opportunities, Challenges and Research Roadmap

The Convergence of Blockchain, IoT and 6G: Potential, Opportunities, Challenges and Research Roadmap

Energy and spectral efficient resource allocation in 5G HetNet using optimized deep bi‐BRLSTM model

A Blockchain Token-Based Trading Model for Secondary Spectrum Markets in Future Generation Mobile Networks

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