Techno-economic, environmental and emergy analysis and optimization of integrated solar parabolic trough collector and multi effect distillation systems with a combined cycle power plant

5E Analyses of the Cogeneration System Based on Mass Integration Driven by Low-Temperature Waste Heat

“…The rate of cost pertaining to the equipment is denoted as Z ̇ and can be determined through the utilization of eq . Ż = φ · C E · normalC normalR normalF 3600 · N where φ represents the maintenance factor of the equipment, with a value of 1.06 eq .…”

“…CRF 3600 E (10) where φ represents the maintenance factor of the equipment, with a value of 1.06. 26 C E denoting the cost of purchasing the equipment ($), which can be computed using eq 20. N corresponds to the annual operational duration of the system (h), which is valued at 8000.…”

A Carbon-Neutral Highly Productive Solar-Powered Desalination Process: Improving Economic Performance with Carbon Pricing

“…Moreover, renewable energy-driven desalination processes offer simplified operation and energy diversification, particularly in remote areas, where the setup of a conventional (fossil fuel-dependent) energy supply is cumbersome. , In this context, solar energy has emerged as a potential candidate to run the MED process, especially in coastal regions where solar irradiation is abundant. In recent times, a handful of studies are reported based on solar energy, including both thermal − and photovoltaic methods, − integrated into MED systems. However, the prevalence of solar-assisted desalination processes is very limited, and it corresponds to less than 1% of desalinated water .…”

Solar-Driven Thermal and Mechanical Vapor Compressor Integrated Desalination System: Zero Emission, High Yield, and Cost Reduction

“…In this direction, solar powered desalination has gained significant research attention in recent years . A few studies have reported dealing with solar thermal method, − solar photovoltaic method, − among others. − In these studies, there are two major issues identified: first, solar energy is not a consistently available energy source, and second, the freshwater production cost increases with the retrofitting of equipment to harness solar power. Although the freshwater production cost in solar powered MED exceeds that in the conventional plant, the environmental benefits offer a potential offset .…”