Techno-economic barriers of an industrial-scale methanol CCU-plant

Nyári, Judit; Magdeldin, Mohamed; Larmi, Martti; Järvinen, Mika; Santasalo-Aarnio, Annukka

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101166

Cited by 77 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This highlights how the cost of electricity and biomass are the fundamental bottlenecks to the feasibility of IBGEB processes, as we previously demonstrated [11]. The role attributed to electrolysis is in line with various studies that recently identified it as the main CAPEX and OPEX contributor in similar process concepts, comprising CO 2 -to-methane [74,75], CO 2 -to-methanol [76,77], and CO 2 -to-DME [78], although the same pattern has also been recognized across all the electrofuels mentioned and for electro-diesel and electrogasoline [79].…”

Section: Process Mass and Energy Balancesupporting

confidence: 88%

Techno-economic modeling of an integrated biomethane-biomethanol production process via biomass gasification, electrolysis, biomethanation, and catalytic methanol synthesis

Patuzzi

Baratieri

2020

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Biological methanation (biomethanation) of syngas obtained from biomass gasification offers the opportunity to employ a low-pressure, low-temperature process to produce storable bio-derived substitute natural gas (bSNG), although its economic viability is limited by high energy and biomass costs. Research on syngas biomethanation techno-economic performance is limited and novel biomass-to-biomethane process configurations are required in order to assess opportunities for the enhancement of its efficiency and economic feasibility. In this study, we carried out the techno-economic modeling of two processes comprising integrated biomass gasification, electrolysis, and syngas biomethanation with combined heat and power recovery in order to assess and compare their fuel yields, energy efficiency, carbon efficiency, and bSNG minimum selling price (MSP). The first process operates standalone biomethanation (SAB) of syngas and can produce approximately 38,000 Nm3 of bSNG per day, with a total plant efficiency of 50.6%. The second process (integrated biomethane-biomethanol, IBB) exploits the unconverted carbon stream from the biomethanation process to recover energy and synthesize methanol via direct catalytic CO2 hydrogenation. In addition to the same bSNG output, the IBB process can produce 10 t/day of biomethanol, at a 99% purity. The IBB process shows little global energy efficiency gains in comparison with SAB (51.7%) due to the large increase in electrolytic hydrogen demand, but it shows a substantial improvement in biomass-to-fuel carbon efficiency (33 vs. 26%). The SAB and IBB processes generate a bSNG MSP of 2.38 €/Nm3 and 3.68 €/Nm3, respectively. Hydrogenation of unconverted carbon in biomass-to-biomethane processes comes with high additional capital and operating costs due to the large-scale electrolysis plants required. Consequently, in both processes, the market price gap of the bSNG produced is 0.13 €/kWhbSNG (SAB) and 0.25 €/kWhbSNG (IBB) even under the most optimistic cost scenarios considered, and it is primarily influenced by the cost of surplus electricity utilized in electrolysis, while the selling price of biomethanol exerts a very limited influence on process economics. Intensive subsidization would be required in order to sustain the decentralized production of bSNG through both processes. Despite their limited economic competitiveness, both processes have a size comparable with existing renewable gas production plants in terms of bSNG production capacity and the IBB process is of a size adequate for the supply of biomethanol to a decentralized biorenewable supply chain.

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Section: Process Mass and Energy Balancesupporting

confidence: 88%

Techno-economic modeling of an integrated biomethane-biomethanol production process via biomass gasification, electrolysis, biomethanation, and catalytic methanol synthesis

Patuzzi

Baratieri

2020

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…However, the direct production of MeOH from CO 2 and H 2 using a near-identical process is possible and has been commercialized, with the most notable example being the "George Olah Renewable Methanol Plant" operated by CRI (Carbon Recycling International) on Iceland, although that plant is relatively small at 4000 t MeOH/y [53,54]. The main economic barrier of CO 2 -based MeOH production is the cost of producing H 2 via electrolysis [55].…”

Section: Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methanol Plant" operated by CRI (Carbon Recycling International) on Iceland, although that plant is relatively small at 4000 t MeOH/y [53,54]. The main economic barrier of CO2based MeOH production is the cost of producing H2 via electrolysis [55].…”

Section: Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Liquid Hydrogen Carriers in Hydrogen Steelmaking

Andersson

2021

Energies

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Steelmaking is responsible for approximately one third of total industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Hydrogen (H2) direct reduction (H-DR) may be a feasible route towards the decarbonization of primary steelmaking if H2 is produced via electrolysis using fossil-free electricity. However, electrolysis is an electricity-intensive process. Therefore, it is preferable that H2 is predominantly produced during times of low electricity prices, which is enabled by storage of H2. This work compares the integration of H2 storage in four liquid carriers, methanol (MeOH), formic acid (FA), ammonia (NH3) and perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT), in H-DR processes. In contrast to conventional H2 storage methods, these carriers allow for H2 storage in liquid form at ambient moderate overpressures, reducing the storage capacity cost. The main downside to liquid H2 carriers is that thermochemical processes are necessary for both the storage and release processes, often with significant investment and operational costs. The carriers are compared using thermodynamic and economic data to estimate operational and capital costs in the H-DR context considering process integration options. It is concluded that the use of MeOH is promising compared to both the other considered carriers. For large storage volumes, MeOH-based H2 storage may also be an attractive option for the underground storage of compressed H2. The other considered liquid H2 carriers suffer from large thermodynamic barriers for hydrogenation (FA) or dehydrogenation (NH3, H18-DBT) and higher investment costs. However, for the use of MeOH in an H-DR process to be practically feasible, questions regarding process flexibility and the optimal sourcing of CO2 and heat must be answered.

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“…Recently, a proliferation of alternative gaseous and liquid carriers has taken place to address such barriers. Methanol, synthetic hydrocarbons and other hydrogen carriers have experienced steady market growth [ 13 ].…”

Section: The Green Hydrogen Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, the adapted thermodynamic modelling approach in this research is owed to the data requirements compared to kinetic modelling, which are less, in terms of quantity, and easier to measure [ 39 ]. A more practical approach when considering the complexity of industrial bio-waste or residue streams examined in this dissertation, such as forest residues (Publication I), lipid extracted algal (LEA) 13 (Publication II and III) and weak black liquor (WBL) 14 in (Publication IV).…”

Section: #3: Complex Interacting Chemistry Coupled With the Non-idealmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical water gasification of Kraft black liquor: Process design, analysis, pulp mill integration and economic evaluation

Magdeldin

Järvinen

2020

Applied Energy

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The author was responsible for the design and execution of the study. The author performed the literature review, data collection, model development and validation, and conducted the subsequent analysis of the technical and economic findings. Mika Järvinen contributed with guidance and knowledge on the black liquor and recovery boiler modelling approach, and assisted with the analysis for the integration study with pulp mill operation. This introductory chapter briefly explains the potential role of biomass as a source for renewable carbon and hydrogen carriers in matching near-term energy demand, while also mitigating global climate change. The chapter then lists some of the technical and commercial challenges facing biomass conversion practices, as well as drivers for further development. Figure 4. Key liquid and gaseous bio-carrier production pathways (developing and commercial).

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Techno-economic barriers of an industrial-scale methanol CCU-plant

Cited by 77 publications

References 35 publications

Techno-economic modeling of an integrated biomethane-biomethanol production process via biomass gasification, electrolysis, biomethanation, and catalytic methanol synthesis

Techno-economic modeling of an integrated biomethane-biomethanol production process via biomass gasification, electrolysis, biomethanation, and catalytic methanol synthesis

Application of Liquid Hydrogen Carriers in Hydrogen Steelmaking

Supercritical water gasification of Kraft black liquor: Process design, analysis, pulp mill integration and economic evaluation

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