Techno-Economic Assessment of Thermally Integrated Co-Electrolysis and Methanation for Industrial Closed Carbon Cycles

Abstract

Energy-intensive industries still produce high amounts of non-renewable CO2 emissions. These emissions cannot easily be fully omitted in the short- and mid-term by electrification or switching to renewable energy carriers, as they either are of inevitable origin (e.g., mineral carbon in cement production) or require a long-term transition of well-established process chains (e.g., metal ore reduction). Therefore, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has been widely discussed as an option to reduce net CO2 emissions. In this context, the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) through power-to-methane (PtM) process is expected to possess considerable value in future energy systems. Considering current low-temperature electrolysis technologies that exhibit electric efficiencies of 60–70%el, LHV and methanation with a caloric efficiency of 82.5%LHV, the conventional PtM route is inefficient. However, overall efficiencies of >80%el, LHV could be achieved using co-electrolysis of steam and CO2 in combination with thermal integration of waste heat from methanation. The present study investigates the techno-economic performance of such a thermally integrated system in the context of different application scenarios that allow for the establishment of a closed carbon cycle. Considering potential technological learning and scaling effects, the assessments reveal that compared to that of decoupled low-temperature systems, SNG generation cost of <10 c€/kWh could be achieved. Additional benefits arise from the direct utilization of by-products oxygen in the investigated processes. With the ability to integrate renewable electricity sources such as wind or solar power in addition to grid supply, the system can also provide grid balancing services while minimizing operational costs. Therefore, the implementation of highly-efficient power-to-gas systems for CCU applications is identified as a valuable option to reduce net carbon emissions for hard-to-abate sectors. However, for mid-term economic viability over fossils intensifying of regulatory measures (e.g., CO2 prices) and the intense use of synergies is considered mandatory.

Strategic implications of carbon pricing on global environmental sustainability and economic development: A conceptual framework

“…The study highlights the potential of carbon pricing to drive economic resilience and structural transformation in the face of global challenges. Böhm, Lehner, and Kienberger (2021) provide a techno-economic assessment of thermally integrated co-electrolysis and methanation processes for industrial closed carbon cycles. Their research underscores the importance of innovative technologies in reducing net CO2 emissions in energy-intensive industries that are hard to abate.…”

Integrated Biorefinery for a Next-Generation Methanization Process Focusing on Volatile Fatty Acid Valorization: A Critical Review

“…The results showed that under favorable conditions, with positive government incentives, future WWTPs could produce high-purity (>98%) propionic acid at USD 3.8 per kg, 35% less than the commercial selling value (USD 6 per kg), which was, in all cases, higher than the current selling price of biogas (USD 0.1 per m 3 ). Other research works investigated the thermo-chemical conversion of biogas and syngas, demonstrating energy efficiencies and sustainability [ 114 , 115 , 116 ].…”

Roadmap on exsolution for energy applications

“…Technoeconomic studies have highlighted the potential of combining SOECs CO 2 and/or H 2 O electrolysis with current chemical processes, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for liquid fuels production and methanation. In this context, a recent assessment of power-to-gasoline conversion reported a gasoline price of 2.25 euros liter −1 [138] Moreover, the production of synthetic natural gas through co-electrolysis in combination with thermal integration can achieve overall electric efficiencies of >80% while via low temperature electrolysis the efficiency is limited to 60%-70% [139] However, in such studies the necessity of overcoming material degradations issues is highlighted.…”