Techno-Economic Assessment of Solar Hydrogen Production by Means of Thermo-Chemical Cycles

Moser, Massimo; Pecchi, Matteo; Fend, Thomas

doi:10.3390/en12030352

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…337 The cost of replacing the active material in metal oxide cycles has been estimated to account for 20% of the LCH. 338 Interestingly, the LCH of similar NiFe2O4-based systems differs by a factor of ~5 between the two works despite more than 2 times higher capital investment associated with the lower LCH. [337][338] One of the main reasons for the large discrepancy may be different STH efficiency, which is the determining factor in the economics of all the aforementioned solar hydrogen production technologies.…”

Section: Efforts To Address Challenges In Scale-upmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…338 Interestingly, the LCH of similar NiFe2O4-based systems differs by a factor of ~5 between the two works despite more than 2 times higher capital investment associated with the lower LCH. [337][338] One of the main reasons for the large discrepancy may be different STH efficiency, which is the determining factor in the economics of all the aforementioned solar hydrogen production technologies. Unfortunately the value was not reported by one of the studies, preventing a direct comparison.…”

Section: Efforts To Address Challenges In Scale-upmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water

et al. 2019

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Solar hydrogen production from water is a sustainable alternative to traditional hydrogen production route using fossil fuels. However, there is still no existing large-scale solar hydrogen production system to compete with its counterpart. In this Review, recent developments of four potentially cost-effective pathways towards large-scale solar hydrogen production, viz. photocatalytic, photobiological, solar thermal and photoelectrochemical routes, are discussed, respectively. The limiting factors including efficiency, scalability and durability for scale-up are assessed along with the field performance of the selected systems. Some benchmark studies are highlighted, mostly addressing one or two of the limiting factors, as well as a few recent examples demonstrating upscaled solar hydrogen production systems and emerging trends towards large-scale hydrogen production. A techno-economic analysis provides a critical comparison of the levelized cost of hydrogen output via each of the four solar-to-hydrogen conversion pathways.

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Section: Efforts To Address Challenges In Scale-upmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Efforts To Address Challenges In Scale-upmentioning

confidence: 96%

Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water

et al. 2019

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“…The most recent technoeconomy analysis (TEA) indicates that the levelized cost of H 2 (per kilogram) is at ≈$13 with the price lowered to $6.5 for the best‐case scenario. [ 24 ]…”

Section: Thermochemical Water Splitting (Tcws) Over Reducible Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Large‐Scale Hydrogen Production from Water: What Have We Learned and What Are the Main Research Hurdles to Cross for Commercialization?

Idriss

2021

Energy Tech

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The focus of this study is evaluating the status of the most promising methods for water splitting to H2 and O2 with their implementation in mind. These are thermochemical water splitting, photocatalytic (PC) and photo‐electrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting, and water electrolysis. In addition to evaluating their coherence, potential, and cost, some misconceptions in the PC H2 production from water over suspended powder catalysts are highlighted. A few needed research directions at the fundamental level together with the main hurdles to cross for large‐scale production are presented and in some cases discussed. Although an increasing level of activity has taken place in the last few years for large‐scale hydrogen production from water, this is still marginal (at the megawatt scale). A considerable investment in different technologies is needed for a noticeable impact on the environment to occur with an objective to decrease the world dependence on fossil fuels (the terrawatt scale).

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“…Two-step thermochemical redox cycles are foreseen to be a viable alternative to state-of-the-art technology for fuels production (see e.g., [22]). Metal oxide thermochemical cycles can be coupled with concentrated solar thermal technology in order to convert solar energy into chemical energy.…”

Section: Thermochemical Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Fuels—Analyses of the Future Prospects of Renewable Synthetic Fuels

et al. 2019

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The Future Fuels project combines research in several institutes of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) on the production and use of synthetic fuels for space, energy, transportation, and aviation. This article gives an overview of the research questions considered and results achieved so far and also provides insight into the multidimensional and interdisciplinary project approach. Various methods and models were used which are embedded in the research context and based on established approaches. The prospects for large-scale fuel production using renewable electricity and solar radiation played a key role in the project. Empirical and model-based investigations of the technological and cost-related aspects were supplemented by modelling of the integration into a future electricity system. The composition, properties, and the related performance and emissions of synthetic fuels play an important role both for potential oxygenated drop-in fuels in road transport and for the design and certification of alternative aviation fuels. In addition, possible green synthetic fuels as an alternative to highly toxic hydrazine were investigated with different tools and experiments using combustion chambers. The results provide new answers to many research questions. The experiences with the interdisciplinary approach of Future Fuels are relevant for the further development of research topics and co-operations in this field.Synthetic fuels based on renewable energies (RE) are widely seen as a key element to achieving climate-neutral transport (e.g., [1,2]). As liquid hydrocarbons have a high energy and power density, they are primarily discussed as fuels for (heavy) road vehicles, ships, and aircraft. Due to their low storage and transport losses, they are also conceivable as a complementary long-term electricity storage option [3]. The challenges of producing and implementing these fuels are manifold. Chemical processes and renewable electrical or thermal energy can be used to produce liquid hydrocarbons from various carbon sources and hydrogen (and sometimes oxygen). Synthetic fuels have several advantages: they can be easily integrated into our existing energy and mobility infrastructures, can be used in all areas of the transport sector, and they can be optimized with regard to their chemical properties. The main disadvantages are the high energy losses and production costs.In this research context, eleven research groups at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) are working together on the Future Fuels project on synthetic fuels. The aim of the interdisciplinary approach is to realize synergies and joint research activities, as well as new research impulses through different perspectives. The scientists and engineers are investigating how synthetic fuels can be produced using solar energy and electrolysis processes (Solar Fuels), and are developing concepts for the re-conversion of these fuels into electricity. They are working on emission-optimized fuels for transport and aviation (Designer Fuels), as well as advanced space ap...

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Solar Hydrogen Production by Means of Thermo-Chemical Cycles

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water

Research advances towards large-scale solar hydrogen production from water

Toward Large‐Scale Hydrogen Production from Water: What Have We Learned and What Are the Main Research Hurdles to Cross for Commercialization?

Future Fuels—Analyses of the Future Prospects of Renewable Synthetic Fuels

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