Techno-economic analysis of a food waste valorisation process for lactic acid, lactide and poly(lactic acid) production

Kwan, Tsz Him; Hu, Yunzi; Lin, Carol Sze Ki

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.179

Cited by 142 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Apart from the NPV, other investment analysis indicators, such as internal rate of return (IRR), return on investment (ROI), and payback time, have also been calculated as other investment analysis parameters to support the decisions of different types of investors. The NPV is defined in Eqn (2), and the IRR can be derived from Eqn (2) when the NPV value becomes zero. The ROI is defined in Eqn (3):

NPV = \sum_{normalt = 1}^{T} \frac{{normalC}_{normalt}}{{((), 1 + normald)}^{normalt}} - C_{0}

where t is the lifetime in years, C 0 is the initial investment, C t is the net cash flow during period t and d is the discount rate:

ROI (() %) = \frac{(Annual net profit)}{(Capital cost)} \times 100 %

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic analysis of levoglucosan production via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw in China

Wang

Zhoumin

Shah

2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The pyrolysis of cotton straw is a promising technology because a large variety of chemical species can be produced from the thermal degradation of biomass. A more promising chemical, levoglucosan, was the subject of this study. A techno‐economic analysis of a plant producing levoglucosan via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw and extraction of levoglucosan from the produced bio‐oil was conducted by modeling a 200 000 ton per year feedstock‐processing plant. Experimental and modeling data were gathered from recent publications and used for analysis. For the modeled feedstock handling capacity, the results indicated that levoglucosan production capacity could reach around 18 000 tons per year. The estimated levoglucosan net production cost, including byproduct credits, was $3.0/kg. Sensitivity analysis also showed that the yield of levoglucosan from bio‐oil, the cotton straw cost, the calcium hydroxide cost, the hydrochloric acid concentration, and the number of days of operation are the main factors in levoglucosan net production costs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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NPV = \sum_{normalt = 1}^{T} \frac{{normalC}_{normalt}}{{((), 1 + normald)}^{normalt}} - C_{0}

where t is the lifetime in years, C 0 is the initial investment, C t is the net cash flow during period t and d is the discount rate:

ROI (() %) = \frac{(Annual net profit)}{(Capital cost)} \times 100 %

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic analysis of levoglucosan production via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw in China

Wang

Zhoumin

Shah

2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…Companies involved in food and feed production and processing produce huge quantities of carbon-rich waste streams, which could be used at zero costs as feedstocks by biopolymer producing companies (18). To underline the feasibility and importance of this still new paradigm, one should keep in mind that an estimated annual quantity of about 10 12 kg of food is not consumed by humans, but simply rejected (19).…”

Section: Biological Alternatives To Established Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switching from petro-plastics to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): the biotechnological escape route of choice out of the plastic predicament?

Koller

2019

The EuroBiotech Journal

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The benefit of biodegradable “green plastics” over established synthetic plastics from petro-chemistry, namely their complete degradation and safe disposal, makes them attractive for use in various fields, including agriculture, food packaging, and the biomedical and pharmaceutical sector. In this context, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are auspicious biodegradable plastic-like polyesters that are considered to exert less environmental burden if compared to polymers derived from fossil resources. The question of environmental and economic superiority of bio-plastics has inspired innumerable scientists during the last decades. As a matter of fact, bio-plastics like PHA have inherent economic drawbacks compared to plastics from fossil resources; they typically have higher raw material costs, and the processes are of lower productivity and are often still in the infancy of their technical development. This explains that it is no trivial task to get down the advantage of fossil-based competitors on the plastic market. Therefore, the market success of biopolymers like PHA requires R&D progress at all stages of the production chain in order to compensate for this disadvantage, especially as long as fossil resources are still available at an ecologically unjustifiable price as it does today. Ecological performance is, although a logical argument for biopolymers in general, not sufficient to make industry and the society switch from established plastics to bio-alternatives. On the one hand, the review highlights that there’s indeed an urgent necessity to switch to such alternatives; on the other hand, it demonstrates the individual stages of the production chain, which need to be addressed to make PHA competitive in economic, environmental, ethical, and performance-related terms. In addition, it is demonstrated how new, smart PHA-based materials can be designed, which meet the customer’s expectations when applied, e.g., in the biomedical or food packaging sector.

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“…Lactic acid production using sugarcane bagasse feedstock showed that cellulose-based processes have larger lactic acid production rates and lower production costs than hemicellulose-based processes; and gypsum-free scenarios had the lowest production costs [9]. Few other studies have evaluated the techno-economics of lactic acid production using other feedstocks such as sugarcane juice, food waste, and different technologies [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Lactic acid from starch-based biomass resources, such as corn grain, can be an attractive option for biorefineries in the U.S. Corn grain contains large fraction of starch, which can be hydrolyzed using enzymes to produce sugars, which can then be fermented to produce lactic acid [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Bio-Based Lactic Acid Production Utilizing Corn Grain as Feedstock

Manandhar

Shah

2020

Processes

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Lactic acid is an important chemical with numerous commercial applications that can be fermentatively produced from biological feedstocks. Producing lactic acid from corn grain could complement the use of already existing infrastructure for corn grain-based ethanol production with a higher value product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of producing 100,000 metric tons (t) of lactic acid annually from corn grain in a biorefinery. The study estimated the resources (equipment, raw materials, energy, and labor) requirements and costs to produce lactic acid from bacteria, fungi and yeast-based fermentation pathways. Lactic acid production costs were $1181, $1251 and $844, for bacteria, fungi and yeast, respectively. Genetically engineered yeast strains capable of producing lactic acid at low pH support significantly cheaper processes because they do not require simultaneous neutralization and recovery of lactic acid, resulting in lower requirements for chemical, equipment, and utilities. Lactic acid production costs were highly sensitive to sugar-to-lactic-acid conversion rates, grain price, plant size, annual operation hours, and potential use of gypsum. Improvements in process efficiencies and lower equipment and chemical costs would further reduce the cost of lactic acid production from corn grain.

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Techno-economic analysis of a food waste valorisation process for lactic acid, lactide and poly(lactic acid) production

Cited by 142 publications

References 33 publications

Techno‐economic analysis of levoglucosan production via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw in China

Techno‐economic analysis of levoglucosan production via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw in China

Switching from petro-plastics to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): the biotechnological escape route of choice out of the plastic predicament?

Techno-Economic Analysis of Bio-Based Lactic Acid Production Utilizing Corn Grain as Feedstock

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