Techno-economic analysis of 5-nonanone production from levulinic acid

Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities

“…The small market size of LA at this time, around 450,000 kg annually [27], meant that it was produced largely from maleic anhydride and other petrochemicals [28]. The price in 2010 was around 3.2 $/kg, which was substantially lower than the earlier figures, but still too high for chemicals produced from LA to compete with those derived directly from petroleum [29]. Despite LA prices remaining in the range of 5e8 $/kg in 2013, global LA consumption rose to around 2600 tons, and is expected to increase steadily in the near-future, reaching 3800 tons in 2020 [30].…”

Catalytic Conversion of Chitosan to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Under Low Temperature Hydrothermal Process

“…Moreover, nonfuranic compounds, such as adipic acid, caprolactam, and caprolactone, levulinic acid, and 1,6-hexanediol, can be converted from 5-HMF [9]. In spite of the wide application of 5-HMF, the industrial potential of 5-HMF as a key platform chemical is restricted by its relatively high production cost due to the difficulty in achieving the necessary high selectivity and separation/ purification yield [9,12].…”

Kinetic study of glucose conversion to levulinic acid over Fe/HY zeolite catalyst

“…With annual production up to 2×10 11 tons worldwide, biomass is an important source for energy source [1]. Levulinic acid (LA), a versatile chemical that can be derived from biomass, is an important basic chemical with various potential uses [2]. From energy to manufacturing, LA can be used as fuel additives, coating material, solvent, fragrance, and food flavouring agent.…”