Techno-Economic Analysis for Small Scale Production of Rubber Seed Oil and Biodiesel in Palangkaraya, Indonesia

Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf; Manurung, Robert; Heeres, Hero Jan

doi:10.18178/jocet.2017.5.4.381

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Abduh et al reported that the production cost of producing rubber seed oil operating at a capacity of 55 ton/y at this location was approximately €0.42/L. Abduh et al concluded on the basis of this study that RSO may be a competitive renewable resource for stationary electricity generation using a diesel engine [31].…”

Section: Comparison Of the Acid Value Versus Time Profiles For Rubbermentioning

confidence: 67%

The influence of storage time on relevant product properties of rubber seeds, rubber seed oil and rubber seed oil ethyl esters

Abduh

Manurung

Heeres

2016

Sustain Chem Process

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Background: Rubber seed oil (RSO) derived from rubber seeds is considered a promising plant oil. However, subsequent biodiesel synthesis from RSO was reported to be difficult due to the high acidity of the oil. Detailed studies on the effects of storage time of rubber seeds on relevant product properties such as acid value are not yet available. The authors here report a study on the influence of storage time on the moisture content of rubber seeds and the acid value of the oil within the seeds. In addition, the acidity of isolated rubber seed oil and the acidity of rubber seed oil ethyl esters versus time was determined. Results:The moisture content as a function of the time for two different batches of rubber seeds, one with an initial water content of 3.1 wt% (obtained by drying the seeds at 60 °C for 3 days) and another with a moisture content 10.7 wt% (as received, non-dried) were determined at 27 °C and a relative humidity of 67 % for a period of 2 months. The moisture versus time curves were successfully modelled using an analytical solution of the instationary diffusion equation and allowed determination of the diffusion coefficient of water in the rubber seeds at 27 °C. The acid value of the isolated rubber seed oil increased considerably in time for both cases (from 0.84 to 4.19 mg KOH/g for the nondried seeds and from 0.51 to 2.13 mg KOH/g for the dried seeds). Freshly isolated rubber seed oil and rubber seed ethyl esters derived thereof prepared using a transesterification reaction have a relatively low acid value of 0.52 and 0.32 mg KOH/g respectively. The acid value of rubber seed oil only slightly increased during storage (0.52-0.60 mg KOH/g), whereas the acid value of the rubber seed ethyl esters (0.32-0.33 mg KOH/g) does not change significantly. Conclusions:Long-term seed storage led to an increase in the acid value of the oils present in the rubber seeds. Pretreatment (e.g. drying) of the rubber seeds showed a positive effect and the increase in acid value in time was lower than for the non-pretreated seeds. It is recommended to store the isolated rubber seed oil instead of the rubber seeds to minimize acid formation.

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Section: Comparison Of the Acid Value Versus Time Profiles For Rubbermentioning

confidence: 67%

The influence of storage time on relevant product properties of rubber seeds, rubber seed oil and rubber seed oil ethyl esters

Abduh

Manurung

Heeres

2016

Sustain Chem Process

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“…For the second aspect, minimizing waste may refer to the valorization of the outer shell of the rubber seeds that are typically removed prior to the isolation of oil from the dehulled rubber seeds. Abduh et al (2017b) has demonstrated that the shell may be used as one of the substrates for the cultivation of Hermetia illucens to produce protein and oil rich biomass. For the third aspect, maximizing profit may be attained by producing co-products apart from biodiesel and glycerol.…”

Section: Small Scale Production Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the third aspect, maximizing profit may be attained by producing co-products apart from biodiesel and glycerol. The pressed cake obtained after the isolation of oil may be further valorized as cattle feed it still contains a relatively high amount of protein (Widyarani, 2014;Abduh et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Small Scale Production Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on community scale stationary and mobile production of biodiesel

Abduh

Manurung

Heeres

et al. 2021

crbb

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Biodiesel has been commercially produced on a large scale, but its application is still limited primarily due to its production cost, which is relatively more expensive than that of fossil fuel. Recently, there has been an ongoing parallel development whereby biodiesel production is carried out on a community scale, including a mobile production unit of biodiesel with local input and demand. The produced biodiesel is often intended for use by the concerned local community, which greatly reduces logistics and transportation cost. Unlike typical biodiesel production plants, a mobile biodiesel unit consists of a biodiesel production facility placed inside a standard cargo container and mounted on a truck, so that it can be transported to a region near the location of the raw materials. In this paper, we review existing concepts and units for the development of community-scale and mobile production of biodiesel. These include the main reactor technology for biodiesel production, as well as the pre-treatment prior to conveyance to the reaction unit and post-treatment. The pre-treatment includes oil extraction from oilseeds by an oil-expeller unit, as well as quality control of the oil before it enters the reaction unit. The post-treatment includes refining and purification of the biodiesel to meet the product specification set by the biodiesel industry. This paper also discusses the production cost of biodiesel on a community scale, particularly when using a mobile biodiesel unit. The production cost varies from $0.76-1.12/l. This range is still not yet competitive to the current average price of approximately $0.98/l of diesel around the world. The production cost may be reduced by applying a biorefinery concept that may translate into an economically alluring and environmentally attractive business model.

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“…A small amount of good quality seeds can be used for propagation. The oil, being one of the components that is present in the highest amount, is an interesting product that is currently getting more attention mainly as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production [6,18]. Valorisation of oil alone, however, may not be economically feasible [18].…”

Section: Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less attention is given on proteins in the seeds and the leaves of rubber tree [16,17]. Rubber seed has been identified as a potential protein source, particularly after oil separation for biodiesel production [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorisation of Proteins from Rubber Tree

WIDYARANI

Coulen

Sanders

et al. 2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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Purpose The objective of this study was to identify the availability, possible applications, and economic potential of proteins that are present in different parts of the rubber tree. Proteins from non-food sources can be used in e.g. animal feed or biochemicals production with no or little competition with food production, rendering them important biobased feedstock. Rubber tree is primarily grown for its latex that is used in rubber production. Indonesia has the largest rubber plantation area that is mostly owned and run by smallholder farmers. Using non-latex fractions from the rubber tree may generate additional income, and increase the economics of rubber plantations in general. Methods Several biomass streams from the rubber tree and subsequent latex processing were considered. Data were compiled from literature, a case study, and interviews with researchers, smallholder farmers, and managers at rubber processing plant and plantation. Results Latex waste streams, seeds, and leaves were considered to have the highest potential based on the amount of available proteins, and processes to isolate proteins from these streams were proposed. Isolation of specific functional properties from natural sources requires complex (and expensive) separation processes and therefore only economically feasible when specific use of the protein(s) for high value applications can be identified. Purification of many interesting proteins from latex fractions has already been described. Processing of seeds and leaves may also yield useful proteins for food, other purposes, and also still unknown high value applications. Conclusions A biorefinery concept can be applied to obtain multiple products from the seeds and leaves, and protein extraction can be performed with available knowledge and technology. Small scale processing can be more beneficial for the farmers, especially if the products are used locally for feed.

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Techno-Economic Analysis for Small Scale Production of Rubber Seed Oil and Biodiesel in Palangkaraya, Indonesia

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

The influence of storage time on relevant product properties of rubber seeds, rubber seed oil and rubber seed oil ethyl esters

The influence of storage time on relevant product properties of rubber seeds, rubber seed oil and rubber seed oil ethyl esters

A review on community scale stationary and mobile production of biodiesel

Valorisation of Proteins from Rubber Tree

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