Techno‐economic analysis and a novel assessment technique of paper mill sludge conversion to bioethanol toward sustainable energy production

Alkasrawi, Malek; Rajangam, Alex S.; Tawalbeh, Muhammad; Kafiah, Feras; Al‐Othman, Amani; Al‐Asheh, Sameer; Sun, Qiang

doi:10.1002/er.5667

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…As a result, the subsequent energy recovery from the combustion of pyrolysis gas produces fewer toxic substances in the flue gas than in the case of direct combustion of the fuel [ 10 ]. In addition to typical biomass wastes, such as cereal straw and wood, attempts are being made to use all biomass wastes for bioenergy production by pyrolysis, such as, for example, paper mill sludge (PMS), date palm, and spent ground coffee beans [ 12 , 13 ]. Biomass pyrolysis is characterised by variability in the substrate content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis of Beet Pulp and Wheat Straw

et al. 2022

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Granulated beet pulp and wheat straw, first separately and then mixed in a weight ratio of 50/50%, underwent a pyrolysis process in a laboratory batch generator with process temperatures of 400 and 500 °C. The feedstock’s chemical composition and the pyrolysis products’ chemical composition (biochar and pyrolysis gas) were analysed. A synergistic effect was observed in the co-pyrolysis of the combined feedstock, which occurred as an increase the content of the arising gas in relation to the total weight of the products. and as a reduction of bio-oil content. The maximum gas proportion was 21.8% at 500 °C and the minimum between 12.6% and 18.4% for the pyrolysis of individual substrates at 400 °C. The proportions of the gases, including CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and O2, present in the resulting synthesis gases were also analysed. The usage of a higher pyrolysis final temperature strongly affected the increase of the CH4 and H2 concentration and the decrease of CO2 and CO concentration in the pyrolysis gas. The highest percentage of hydrogen in the synthesis gas, around 33%vol, occurred at 500 °C during co-pyrolysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis of Beet Pulp and Wheat Straw

et al. 2022

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“…Wind, solar, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal are just a few of the newly developed renewable energy options [7] [8]. Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) appears to be a viable solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smart Hybrid Solar Chimney Power Plant

Jad¹,

Sunna²,

Abdel-Salam³

et al. 2022

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This work presents a revolutionary design of a Smart Hybrid Solar Chimney Power Plant (SHSCPP) with a target of maximizing the power capacity and reducing the operation cost. The design combines a classic Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) structure with a Cooling Tower (CT) configuration. The chimney and a bidirectional turbine are shared components of the SCPP and CT. The SHSCPP system operates as a typical CT throughout the night. However, during the daytime, the system switches back and forth between the CT and the SCPP to produce the maximum amount of electricity depending on predicted weather data. Additionally, the SHSCPP produces distilled water while the system is working as an SCPP. Aqaba city which is located in Jordan has been selected to assess the performance of the SHSCPP due to its geographical area, and weather variations. The main results showed that the SHSCPP produces 651.7 MW/year of electricity compared to 368.4 MW/year when operating as a traditional SCPP.

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“…Enzyme hydrolysis offers a more specific and milder option with reduced inhibitory compound formation. In ideal conditions cellulose hydrolysis rates can be as high as 100% [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper Mill Sludge as a Source of Sugars for Use in the Production of Bioethanol and Isoprene

et al. 2020

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Paper mill sludge (PMS) solids are predominantly comprised of cellulosic fibers and fillers rejected during the pulping or paper making process. Most sludges are dewatered and discharged into landfills or land spread at a cost to the mill; creating large economic and environmental burdens. This lignocellulosic residual stream can be used as a source of sugars for microbial fermentation to renewable chemicals. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of converting mill sludge to sugars and then fermentation to either isoprene or ethanol. Chemical analysis indicated that the cellulosic fiber composition between 28 to 68% and hemicellulose content ranged from 8.4 to 10.7%. Calcium carbonate concentration in the sludge ranged from 0.4 to 34%. Sludge samples were enzyme hydrolyzed to convert cellulose fibers to glucose, percent conversion ranged from 10.5 to 98%. Calcium carbonate present with the sludge resulted in low hydrolysis rates; washing of sludge with hydrochloric acid to neutralize the calcium carbonate, increased hydrolysis rates by 50 to 88%. The production of isoprene “very low” (190 to 470 nmol) because the isoprene yields were little. Using an industrial yeast strain for fermentation of the sludge sugars obtained from all sludge samples, the maximum conversion efficiency was achieved with productivity ranging from 0.18 to 1.64 g L−1 h−1. Our data demonstrates that PMS can be converted into sugars that can be fermented to renewable chemicals for industry.

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Techno‐economic analysis and a novel assessment technique of paper mill sludge conversion to bioethanol toward sustainable energy production

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Batch Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis of Beet Pulp and Wheat Straw

Batch Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis of Beet Pulp and Wheat Straw

A Smart Hybrid Solar Chimney Power Plant

Paper Mill Sludge as a Source of Sugars for Use in the Production of Bioethanol and Isoprene

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