Techniques, perspectives, and challenges of bioactive peptide generation: A comprehensive systematic review

Abstract

Due to the digestible refractory and absorbable structures of bioactive peptides (BPs), they could induce notable biological impacts on the living organism. In this regard, the current study was devoted to providing an overview regarding the available methods for BPs generation by the aid of a systematic review conducted on the published articles up to April 2019. In this context, the PubMed and Scopus databases were screened to retrieve the related publications. According to the results, although the characterization of BPs mainly has been performed using enzymatic and microbial in‐vitro methods, they cannot be considered as suitable techniques for further stimulation of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, new approaches for both in‐vivo and in‐silico methods for BPs identification should be developed to overcome the obstacles that belonged to the current methods. The purpose of this review was to compile the recent analytical methods applied for studying various aspects of food‐derived biopeptides, and emphasizing generation at in vitro, in vivo, and in silico.

Beneficial Effects of Soybean-Derived Bioactive Peptides

“…SPs are small protein fragments generated by in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation (e.g., lactic acid bacteria-mediated fermentation), food processing (e.g., pH modification, heat treatment, protein isolation, ultra-high-pressure processing, and storage conditions) [26,27], and gastrointestinal digestion (specific and nonspecific proteases from the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas, including pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin) of larger soybean proteins, which are beneficially associated with a multitude of metabolic activities [10,11]. The peptide composition is affected by enzymatic hydrolysis or bacteria-mediated fermentation and is also related to the type of soy protein [10].…”

Evaluation of different types of milk proteins-derived epitopes using in-silico tools: a primarily study to propose a new definition for bioactive peptides

“…GALT assesses the food content of the lumen as a graft. In the most time, the immune response against the gut content is suppressed (Barati et al, 2020b). However, sometimes immune responses occur.…”

“…According to our results, two different definitions for BPs could be considered. The first one, the classic definition which defines BPs as digestion-resistant and absorbable peptides released from the parent proteins during digestion processes and induces a series of beneficial effects on the body (Barati et al, 2020b). For doing a scientific project according to the classic definition, several specific steps need to be done, including selecting a food item, isolating the food item protein, digestion of the isolate (by enzymes or microorganisms), characterization of refractory digestion fragments, and evaluation of their function in-vitro and/or in-vivo (Barati et al, 2020b).…”

“…During the last four decades, several investigations have been conducted to assess the properties and physiological effects of bioactive peptides (BPs) and the definition of BPs have been formed with three major characteristics, including a) digestionresistant, b) absorbable peptides released from the parent proteins during digestion processes, and c) induce a series of beneficial effects on the body (Ji et al, 2021;Rafiq et al, 2021;Shori et al, 2020l ;Shi & Li, 2021). BPs are food-derived peptides whose usefulness is beyond the supply of the body amino-acids (Barati, 2020b;Büyükcan & Karakaya, 2021). Anti-inflammatory, anticancer and, anti-hypertensive roles are some of the beneficial effects of the peptides on the body systems (Barati et al, 2020a;Navarro-Peraza et al, 2020).…”

Lupin-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Intestinal Transport, Bioavailability and Health Benefits

“…A good number of procedures and techniques such as gel filtration-coupled high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS), ultrasound, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), ion exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-tandem ultrafast liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC UFLC) [ 60 , 61 ] are currently being explored for the isolation, identification and quantification of peptides from protein hydrolysates. For more information on the preparation and quantification of peptides from proteins, see previous reviews [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”