Techniques of Quantitative Measurement of Morphological Structures of the Central Nervous System

Turkheimer, Eric

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2534-3_3

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Most previous linear measures of the irregularly shaped brain have necessarily been obtained on arbitrarily defined 2D sections (Turkheimer 1989 ). In the present study, all the brain measures were computed from the 3D brain surface obtained in vivo from 91 humans and 78 chimpanzees using MRI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral torque is human specific and unrelated to brain size

Crow

Roberts

2019

Brain Struct Funct

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The term “cerebral torque” refers to opposing right–left asymmetries of frontal and parieto-occipital regions. These are assumed to derive from a lateralized gradient of embryological development of the human brain. To establish the timing of its evolution, we computed and compared the torque, in terms of three principal features, namely petalia, shift, and bending of the inter-hemispheric fissure as well as the inter-hemispheric asymmetry of brain length, height and width for in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of 91 human and 78 chimpanzee brains. We found that the cerebral torque is specific to the human brain and that its magnitude is independent of brain size and that it comprises features that are inter-related. These findings are consistent with the concept that a “punctuational” genetic change of relatively large effect introduced lateralization in the hominid lineage. The existence of the cerebral torque remains an unsolved mystery and the present study provides further support for this most prominent structural brain asymmetry being specific to the human brain. Establishing the genetic origins of the torque may, therefore, have relevance for a better understanding on human evolution, the organisation of the human brain, and, perhaps, also aspects of the neural basis of language.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral torque is human specific and unrelated to brain size

Crow

Roberts

2019

Brain Struct Funct

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We have recently reviewed some of the complexities of studying the consequences of variation in the location of naturally occurring lesions [16], and presented a quantitative model for the analysis of relations among lesion location, size, and behavior [17]. Here, wc apply a simple version of the model to the common situation in which test scores of patients with left and right hemisphere lesions are compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous papers [16,17] we have shown how importance functions for a variety of neuropsychological measures can be estimated from information about the size and location of lesions in samples of brain-lesioned patients who have been administered neuropsychological tests. In the current paper we consider some consequences of the model for the common research design in which test scores of patients with left and right hemisphere lesions arc compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%