Techniques for understanding mechanisms underlying membrane fouling

Dai, Ruobin; Li, Zhouyan; Wang, Tianlin; Ma, Jinxing; Wang, Zhiwei

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819809-4.00004-8

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 102 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, Cheesman et al [84] used 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molybdate colorimetry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to identify phosphorus in organic and condensed inorganic compounds adsorbed by AEMs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) is used to analyze the elemental composition of a thin (up to 10 nm) surface layer [51,83]. Note that XPS and RBS are informative if the chemical composition of foulants differs significantly from that of the IEM [83,85,86].…”

Section: Identification Of Typical Chemical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another alternative to ATR-FTIR is Raman spectroscopy, the use of which does not require preliminary drying of the studied membrane samples [51,94]. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) can be used Another alternative to ATR-FTIR is Raman spectroscopy, the use of which does not require preliminary drying of the studied membrane samples [?…”

Section: Identification Of Characteristic Chemical Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review on Ion-Exchange Membrane Fouling during the Electrodialysis Process in the Food Industry, Part 1: Types, Effects, Characterization Methods, Fouling Mechanisms and Interactions

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrodialysis (ED) was first established for water desalination and is still highly recommended in this field for its high water recovery, long lifetime and acceptable electricity consumption. Today, thanks to technological progress in ED processes and the emergence of new ion-exchange membranes (IEMs), ED has been extended to many other applications in the food industry. This expansion of uses has also generated several problems such as IEMs’ lifetime limitation due to different ageing phenomena (because of organic and/or mineral compounds). The current commercial IEMs show excellent performance in ED processes; however, organic foulants such as proteins, surfactants, polyphenols or other natural organic matters can adhere on their surface (especially when using anion-exchange membranes: AEMs) forming a colloid layer or can infiltrate the membrane matrix, which leads to the increase in electrical resistance, resulting in higher energy consumption, lower water recovery, loss of membrane permselectivity and current efficiency as well as lifetime limitation. If these aspects are not sufficiently controlled and mastered, the use and the efficiency of ED processes will be limited since, it will no longer be competitive or profitable compared to other separation methods. In this work we reviewed a significant amount of recent scientific publications, research and reviews studying the phenomena of IEM fouling during the ED process in food industry with a special focus on the last decade. We first classified the different types of fouling according to the most commonly used classifications. Then, the fouling effects, the characterization methods and techniques as well as the different fouling mechanisms and interactions as well as their influence on IEM matrix and fixed groups were presented, analyzed, discussed and illustrated.

show abstract

Section: Identification Of Typical Chemical Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Characteristic Chemical Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Ion-Exchange Membrane Fouling during the Electrodialysis Process in the Food Industry, Part 1: Types, Effects, Characterization Methods, Fouling Mechanisms and Interactions

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The challenges with this technique include: having to use large concentrations of fluorescently labeled samples to differentiate between biomolecules; depths deeper than micrometers cannot be probed; limitations due to laser wavelength and laser intensity; being slow because images have to be built point by point; and samples can photobleach if images have to be taken for longer to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. [1,[14][15][16][17] In addition, to gather real-time data, modifications are needed in how the membrane is constructed and the fouling experiment must be performed [8,18] such as interrupting the fouling experiment and freezing the membrane before cutting the membrane to get cross-section images. [10,14] Fluorescence microscopy allows for faster imaging of the surface of the membrane at any time without the drawback of needing a large amount of labeled biomolecules or restructuring of the fouling experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and Identifying BSA Biofouling through the Combination of Fluorescence Microscopy and Flux Experiments

Widing

Ruffle-Deignan

Stennett

2021

CLEAN Soil Air Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biofouling decreases efficiency of membrane-based water filtration, like desalination, because fouling decreases flow rates. Understanding biofouling mechanism is crucial for increased implementation of desalination though few techniques for studying this exist. Flux experiments are combined with fluorescent membrane images to determine the biofouling mechanism of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a common model protein, with two mixed cellulose ester membranes. Samples containing 1% to 12% fluorescently tagged BSA (remaining protein unlabeled) are tested to determine the ideal amount of labeled protein. Due to large standard deviation in the fouling decays, the relative flux decays are fit for statistical analysis. No correlation between the decay and amount of labeled protein is found, suggesting the dye has little impact on the fouling. A 2.5% or 5% labeled protein sample is optimal to generate images and visualize the beginning of cake formation (blockage of membrane pores). By fitting the flux data to biofouling mechanism equations, it is concluded BSA deposits in the membrane pores eventually leading to cake formation. These results are corroborated using scanning electron microscopy images. Combining flux and fluorescence microscopy allows for further insight into biofouling mechanism and can be applied to other biological molecules to improve filtration techniques.

show abstract

Techniques for understanding mechanisms underlying membrane fouling

Cited by 2 publications

References 102 publications

A Review on Ion-Exchange Membrane Fouling during the Electrodialysis Process in the Food Industry, Part 1: Types, Effects, Characterization Methods, Fouling Mechanisms and Interactions

A Review on Ion-Exchange Membrane Fouling during the Electrodialysis Process in the Food Industry, Part 1: Types, Effects, Characterization Methods, Fouling Mechanisms and Interactions

Imaging and Identifying BSA Biofouling through the Combination of Fluorescence Microscopy and Flux Experiments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About