Techniques for the Measurement of Cell Mediated Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Virus

Kapczynski, Darrell R.; Segovia, Karen

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_17

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is facilitated by the availability of well-established methods to detect antibodies using commercially available test systems and the increasing use of automated detection systems, which allow the fast processing of large numbers of barcoded samples. Parameters of the CMI are mostly investigated in research-associated questions; tests are less standardized, and due to the limited number of tools for chickens, not easily applicable under field conditions (82–84). Neither are local antibody responses, as they are determined in tears, tracheal washes, or gut lavage, which are more labor intensive to collect and may require sacrificing the birds.…”

Section: Acquired Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Rautenschlein,

Schat

2023

Avian Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vaccination is crucial for health protection of poultry and therefore important to maintaining high production standards. Proper vaccination requires knowledge of the key players of the well-orchestrated immune system of birds, their interdependence and delicate regulation, and, subsequently, possible modes of stimulation through vaccine antigens and adjuvants. The knowledge about the innate and acquired immune systems of birds has increased significantly during the recent years but open questions remain and have to be elucidated further. Despite similarities between avian and mammalian species in their composition of immune cells and modes of activation, important differences exist, including differences in the innate, but also humoral and cell-mediated immunity with respect to, for example, signaling transduction pathways, antigen presentation, and cell repertoires. For a successful vaccination strategy in birds it always has to be considered that genotype and age of the birds at the time point of immunization as well as their microbiota composition may have an impact and may drive the immune reactions into different directions. Recent achievements in the understanding of the concept of trained immunity will contribute to the advancement of current vaccine types helping to improve protection beyond the specificity of an antigen-driven immune response. The fast developments in new omics technologies will provide insights into protective B-and T-cell epitopes involved in cross-protection, which subsequently will lead to the improvement of vaccine efficacy in poultry.RESUMEN. Estudio recapitulativo-Bases inmunológicas de la vacunación. La vacunación es crucial para la protección de la salud de las aves comerciales y por lo tanto, importante para mantener altos estándares de producción. Una vacunación adecuada requiere el conocimiento de los factores clave del sistema inmunológico bien orquestado de las aves, su interdependencia y su delicada regulación y posteriormente, los posibles modos de estimulación a través de antı genos y adyuvantes de las vacunas. El conocimiento sobre los sistemas inmunológicos innato y adquirido de las aves ha aumentado significativamente durante los últimos años, pero quedan preguntas abiertas que deben dilucidarse con profundidad. A pesar de las similitudes entre las especies de aves y mamı feros en la composición de células inmunes y modos de activación, existen diferencias importantes, incluidas las diferencias en la inmunidad innata, pero también en la inmunidad humoral y en la mediada por células, con respecto a las vı as de transducción de señales, la presentación de antı genos. y repertorios celulares. Para una estrategia de vacunación exitosa en las aves, siempre se debe considerar que el genotipo y la edad de las aves en el momento de la inmunización, ası como la composición de su microbiota pueden tener un impacto y pueden impulsar las reacciones inmunes en diferentes direcciones. Los logros recientes en la comprensión del concepto de inmunidad entrenada contribuirán al avance...

show abstract

Section: Acquired Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Rautenschlein,

Schat

2023

Avian Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For USUV, IHC was performed as previously described [19]. Primary polyclonal Rabbit Anti-CD3 antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200 (A0452, Dako, Italy) to mark T-cells as a common player of adaptive immunity to intracellular agents in inflammatory infiltrates [20]. As secondary antibody, Mouse Envision HRP kit was used (Ab93697; Abcam, Italy) with the AEC as substrate.…”

Section: Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry (Ihc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus: A Post-Mortem Monitoring Study in Wild Birds from Rescue Centers, Central Italy

Giglia

Mencattelli

Lepri

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses that have been associated with neurological diseases in humans and wild birds. Wild bird rescue centers are potential significant hot spots for avian infection surveillance, as recognized in the Italian Integrate National Surveillance Plan for Arboviruses. Here we report the results of a post-mortem active monitoring study conducted from November 2017 to October 2020 on animals hosted in five wild bird rescue centers of Central Italy. Five hundred seventy-six (n = 576) wild birds were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of WNV or USUV RNA fragments. No birds tested positive for USUV RNA (n = 0; 0.00%). Evidence of WNV RNA (Ct value = 34.36) was found in one bird (n = 1; 0.17%), an adult little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis subsp. ruficollis), that tested WNV positive in December 2019. This study highlights the strategic role of wildlife rescue centers in monitoring both the introduction and circulation of avian emerging zoonotic diseases. In addition, the presence of WNV during the cold season evidences the possible role of birds in overwintering mechanisms in the Italian territory and requires further investigations.

show abstract

“…Primary polyclonal Rabbit Anti-CD3 antibody was used at a dilution of 1:200 (A0452, Dako) to mark T-cells as common player of adaptive immunity to intracellular agents in inflammatory infiltrates (Kapczynski and Segovia, 2020). As secondary antibody, Mouse Envision HRP kit was used (Ab93697; Abcam) with the aminoethyl carbazole (AEC) as substrate.…”

Section: 3histopathology and Immunohistochemistry (Ihc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus and Usutu virus in wild birds from Rescue Centers, a post-mortem monitoring study from Central Italy

Giglia

Mencattelli

Lepri

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses causing world-wide numerous cases in animals and humans. In Italy, both viruses have been associated with neurological diseases in humans and wild birds. Wild bird rescue centers where support in emergency and care of diseased animals are provided, are potential significant hot spots for avian infection surveillance, as recognized in the Italian Integrate National Surveillance Plan for Arboviruses. Here we report the results of a post-mortem active monitoring study conducted from November 2017 to October 2020 on animals hosted in five wild bird rescue centers of Central Italy. Five hundred seventy-six (n = 576) wild birds were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of WNV or USUV RNA fragments. No birds tested positive for USUV RNA (n = 0; 0.00 %). Evidence of WNV RNA (Ct value = 34.36) was found in one bird (n = 1; 0.17 %), an adult little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis subsp. ruficollis), that tested WNV positive on December 2019 and died due to traumatic injuries. The main pathological findings consisted in mild CD3+ lymphocytic tubulo-interstitial nephritis, meningoencephalitis, and cardiomyocytes loss and interstitial oedema of the heart. This study highlights the strategic role of wildlife rescue centers in monitoring both the introduction and circulation of avian emerging zoonotic diseases. Also, the presence of WNV during the cold season evidences the possible role of birds in overwintering mechanisms in the Italian territory and requires further investigations.

show abstract

Techniques for the Measurement of Cell Mediated Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Virus

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus: A Post-Mortem Monitoring Study in Wild Birds from Rescue Centers, Central Italy

West Nile virus and Usutu virus in wild birds from Rescue Centers, a post-mortem monitoring study from Central Italy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About