Techniques for studying skin penetration

Marzulli, Francis N.; Brown, Daniel W.; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(69)80012-8

Cited by 77 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Even inverse correlations were occasionally obtained with TEWL, TEER, TWF and BLUE but not for ISTD. The dataset of the special investigation comprising all experiments with 14 C-MCPA applied to undamaged and gradually damaged rat skin covers a wide range of absorption (AD 6-100%) and absorption rates (Marzulli-Class: slow to very fast) (Marzulli and Brown, 1969). The results of individual skin preparations correlated well with the ISTD results (R 2 of 0.859 and 0.911, respectively).…”

Section: Assessment Of Integrity Testsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Suitability of skin integrity tests for dermal absorption studies in vitro

Guth

Schäfer‐Korting

Fabian

et al. 2015

Toxicology in Vitro

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Skin absorption testing in vitro is a regulatory accepted alternative method (OECD Guideline 428). Different tests can be applied to evaluate the integrity of the skin samples. Here, we compared the pre- or post-run integrity tests (transepidermal electrical resistance, TEER; transepidermal water loss, TEWL; absorption of the reference compounds water, TWF, or methylene blue, BLUE) and additionally focused on co-absorption of a (3)H-labeled internal reference standard (ISTD) as integrity parameter. The results were correlated to absorption profiles of various test compounds. Limit values of 2kΩ, 10 gm(-2)h(-1) and 4.5∗10(-3)cmh(-1) for the standard methods TEER, TEWL and TWF, respectively, allowed distinguishing between impaired and intact human skin samples in general. Single skin samples did, however, not, poorly and even inversely correlate with the test-compound absorption. In contrast, results with ISTD (e.g. (3)H-testosterone) were highly correlated to the absorption of (14)C-labeled test compounds. Importantly, ISTD did not influence analytics or absorption of test compounds. Therefore, ISTD, especially when adjusted to the physico-chemical properties of test compounds, is a promising concept to assess the integrity of skin samples during the whole course of absorption experiments. However, a historical control dataset is yet necessary for a potential routine application.

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Section: Assessment Of Integrity Testsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Suitability of skin integrity tests for dermal absorption studies in vitro

Guth

Schäfer‐Korting

Fabian

et al. 2015

Toxicology in Vitro

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“…Another study of the percutaneous absorption of hexachlorophene also concluded that the permeation characteristics of the pig skin were comparable to man [45]. In vivo studies involving classified chemical warfare agents and agent simulants showed that the back skin of weanling pigs most closely approximated human forearm skin with regard to its resistance to permeation [46]. While testing the permeation of other compounds it was found that overall, skin of miniature swine has the closest permeability characteristics to that of human skin with the compounds tested [47].…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

The Pig as an Experimental Animal Model of Percutaneous Permeation in Man: Qualitative and Quantitative Observations – An Overview

Simon¹,

Maibach²

2000

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The pig has been a well-recognized experimental animal in biomedical research for many centuries. Physiological and anatomical similarities between man and pig made this animal a good model for man in many research areas. Pharmacological and toxicological research on the skin is often based on knowledge of skin absorption and percutaneous permeation. Anatomical, physiological and biochemical similarities are cited and various uses of the pig as a model for man in the investigation of skin permeation are reviewed. Further, several isolated organ models are reviewed. The importance of full details of the experimental animal, namely its age, sex, breed, size (weight) and body region, is emphasized.

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“…The rabbit skin showed the highest sensitivity to H2 SO4 and NaOH followed by those of the guinea pig and of the mouse [9,10]. The permeability of the skin to various drugs was shown to be the lowest in man and the pig, and highest in the rabbit [3,18,20,22,30,32]. To various organic chemicals including cloton oil, the guinea pig skin was reported to be more sensitive than that of rabbit by some authors [24] but not by others [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%