Techniques for inactivating Toxoplasma gondii oocysts: a systematic review

Ferreira, Fernanda Pinto; Paschoal, Aline Ticiani Pereira; Pasquali, Aline Kuhn Sbruzzi; Bernardes, Juliana Correa; Caldart, Eloiza Teles; Freire, Roberta Lemos; Mitsuka‐Breganó, Regina; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612021040

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In urban areas, T. gondii oocysts may be resistant to usual water treatment with chlorinated products and decantation, probably associated with inner layers of the oocyst and sporocyst walls, as water supply used in these areas may usually come from distant unprotected areas and lead to human outbreaks by oocyst contamination of drinking water [ 42 , 43 ]. In addition, a recent systematic revew has shown that only radiation and pressure were effective in destroying oocysts, while disinfectants in water has insufficiently or no effect on T. gondii oocysts [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil

et al. 2022

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Although toxoplasmosis has been considered among the most neglected zoonoses worldwide, no study has focused on the frequency and associated risk factors of owners and their dogs living on an island and mainland seashore areas. Accordingly, anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were screened by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in owners and dogs from three oceanic islands and two nearby mainland harbor areas, with associated risk factors for toxoplasmosis assessed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, anti-T. gondii seropositivity was observed in 59/328 (18.0%) owners and 66/283 (23.3%) dogs, with no statistical difference between owners (p = 0.360) and dogs (p = 0.655) from islands and mainland areas. Consumption of local water springs (p = 0.016; OR = 2.11) was an associated risk factor for T. gondii seropositivity, and owners with the habit of spring water intake were twice more likely seropositive (p = 0.014; OR = 2.14). Presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in dogs was associated with seropositive owners (p = 0.008; OR = 2.81), household consumption of beef meat (p = 0.042; OR = 1.7) and chicken (p = 0.026; OR = 2.9). Despite being lower than the worldwide prevalence, toxoplasmosis seropositivity in owners and their dogs in southern Brazil was influenced by the positive owner, water source, and meat consumption, and not by inhabiting islands or seashore mainland areas, presence of dogs, cats, or both. In addition, drinking water quality should always be considered a critical risk factor for toxoplasmosis on islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil

et al. 2022

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“…The positive association of T. gondii with pasture areas was unexpected. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are susceptible to ultraviolet radiation (Pinto-Ferreira et al 2021), and open spaces such as pastures allow high penetration of sunlight on the ground surface, probably decreasing oocyst survival and infection rates in terrestrial animals. Pastures are resource-poor habitats for most animals, and dogs and wild carnivores that live close to pasture areas likely need to increase their home ranges.…”

Section: Median Of Area (%) Mw-u P-valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of dogs and wild carnivores to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, Leishmania infantum, and Toxoplasma gondii in the Xingu River basin, Brazilian Amazon: Prevalence, spatial distribution, and association with land cover types

FORNAZARI,

SEVÁ,

OLIVEIRA

et al. 2023

Acta Amaz.

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Infectious diseases transmitted by domestic dogs can have important consequences for wildlife health. This study aimed to investigate the exposure to four selected pathogens in dogs and wild carnivores in six municipalities in the Xingu River Basin (Pará state, Brazil). The prevalence of positive animals, their spatial distribution, and the association with land cover types were analyzed. Blood samples from 298 dogs and 11 free-ranging wild carnivores were tested through serological diagnoses. The seroprevalence to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, Leishmania infantum, and Toxoplasma gondii was 68.6, 75.4, 14.8, and 47.1%, respectively. The seroprevalence to canine distemper virus and T. gondii was significantly higher in dogs than in wild carnivores. Spatial analyses revealed a broad distribution of seropositive animals, except for animals seropositive to L. infantum, which were concentrated in the southern region close to the margins of the Xingu River. Spatial clusters of seropositive animals were detected for all tested pathogens, indicating areas with a greater risk of exposure. Positive results for canine distemper virus, T. gondii, and L. infantum were associated with different types of land cover, and thus were considered risk factors for pathogen exposure. The high seroprevalence of dogs to canine distemper virus and to canine parvovirus are concerning, suggesting risks of transmission to wild species inhabiting areas close to the surveyed communities.

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“…However, these elevated temperatures are not applicable to all food matrices. This is the case of vegetables and fresh products [ 208 ]. Regarding inactivation by low temperatures, it has been shown that freezing can inactivate tissue cysts of T. gondii .…”

Section: Control and Food Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety

Marín-García

Planas

Llobat

2022

Foods

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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, with approximately one third of the population around the world seropositive. The consumption of contaminated food is the main source of infection. These include meat products with T. gondii tissue cysts, and dairy products with tachyzoites. Recently, contamination has been detected in fresh products with oocysts and marine products. Despite the great health problems that are caused by T. gondii, currently there are no standardized methods for its detection in the food industry. In this review, we analyze the current detection methods, the prevalence of T. gondii in different food products, and the control measures. The main detection methods are bioassays, cell culture, molecular and microscopic techniques, and serological methods, but some of these do not have applicability in the food industry. As a result, emerging techniques are being developed that are aimed at the detection of multiple parasites simultaneously that would make their application more efficient in the industry. Since the prevalence of this parasite is high in many products (meat and milk, marine products, and vegetables), it is necessary to standardize detection methods, as well as implement control measures.

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Techniques for inactivating Toxoplasma gondii oocysts: a systematic review

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil

Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil

Exposure of dogs and wild carnivores to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, Leishmania infantum, and Toxoplasma gondii in the Xingu River basin, Brazilian Amazon: Prevalence, spatial distribution, and association with land cover types

Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety

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