Techniques for Improving Computer‐assisted Presentations

Grandgenett, Neal; Grandgenett, Don

doi:10.1080/1355800970340104

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…20) On the other hand, no inhibition of DMSO on MMLV RT activity or of formamide on AMV RT or MMLV RT activities has yet been reported. Formamide at 10% inhibited PCR amplification by non-engineered Taq DNA polymerase, but increased the activity of the genetically engineered thermostable variant AmpliTaq DNA polymerase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Organic Solvents on the Reverse Transcription Reaction Catalyzed by Reverse Transcriptases from Avian Myeloblastosis Virus and Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

Yasukawa

Konishi

Inouye

2010

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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The use of certain organic chemicals has been found to improve yields and specificity in PCR. In this study, we examined the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), formamide, and glycerol on the reverse transcription reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptases (RTs) from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV). At 42 C, DMSO at 24% v/v and formamide at 12-14% inhibited the cDNA synthesis reaction, but DMSO at 12% and formamide at 6-8% improved the efficiency of the cDNA synthesis reaction at low temperatures (25-34 C). Glycerol at 10% improved the efficiency of the cDNA synthesis reaction at high temperatures (49-61 C). The effects of DMSO and formamide appeared to be accompanied by decreases in the melting temperatures of the primers, and the effect of glycerol was due to increases in the thermal stabilities of AMV RT and MMLV RT.Key words: dimethyl sulfoxide; formamide; glycerol; organic solvent; reverse transcriptaseReverse transcriptase (RT) [EC 2.7.7.49] is the enzyme responsible for viral genome replication. It possesses RNA-and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and RNase H activities.1,2) RTs from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) are the most extensively used in cDNA synthesis 3) and RNA amplification reactions 4,5) due to their high catalytic activity and fidelity.6) The AMV RT is a heterodimer consisting of a 63-kDa subunit and a 95-kDa subunit, while MMLV RT is a 75-kDa monomer. The subunit of AMV RT comprises the fingers, palm, thumb, connection, and RNase H domains, and the subunit comprises these five domains and the C-terminal integrase domain.7) MMLV RT also contains these five domains.8) The active site of the DNA polymerase reaction resides in the fingers/palm/thumb domain, while that of the RNase H reaction lies in the RNase H domain.Enzymes, in general, are inactivated in the presence of organic solvents. However, enzymatic reactions in media containing organic additives can sometimes make previously problematic processes feasible through increased substrate solubility or diminished side reactions, for example. In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), various organic additives have been reported to improve yields and specificity.9,10) Of these, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and formamide are frequently used for the reaction with a GþC-rich DNA to improve specificity, 11,12) but very little is known about the effects of organic solvents on the reverse transcription reaction, although DMSO has been used empirically in the RNA amplification reaction. 4,5) One of the difficult points in this evaluation is that from a practical viewpoint, the efficiency of the reverse transcription reaction is evaluated by the yields and specificity of the subsequent PCR process. Another difficult point is that organic solvents might act on the primer and the RNA as well as on the RT itself.The purpose of this study was to show that organic solvents can improve the efficiency of the RT reaction under certain conditions. We expected that organic solvents ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Organic Solvents on the Reverse Transcription Reaction Catalyzed by Reverse Transcriptases from Avian Myeloblastosis Virus and Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

Yasukawa

Konishi

Inouye

2010

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…The tool is open source and does not require any licence to use, and its website has materials which are ready to use for teaching purposes. Some researchers (e.g., Grandgenett, 2007) argue that it is likely to find teaching materials on almost all topics of mathematics at all levels on the official GeoGebra website.…”

Section: Studies On Geogebramentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of Middle School Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs and Goals Regarding a Dynamic Tool in Mathematics Lessons: Case of GeoGebra

SARALAR-ARAS

2022

Journal of Research in Science, Mathematics and Technology Education

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Currently, teaching with technology has become crucial. This case study investigated the beliefs and goals of four middle school mathematics teachers regarding a dynamic mathematics software: GeoGebra. The participants of the study were four mathematics teachers working in public middle schools in Turkey. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, lesson observations and perceived technology, pedagogy and content knowledge surveys. Data analysis revealed a consensus on GeoGebra’s usefulness in teaching units that link geometry and algebra. Most of the participants integrated GeoGebra to provide students with an explorative environment in which students were supported with feedback. Teachers’ goals of using the software were found to be providing visual representations, facilitating students’ learning, increasing students’ engagement, as well as decreasing their workload and saving time. Moreover, teachers listed several challenges such as classroom management and lesson planning. Despite the challenges they faced, teachers were willing to integrate the software into their lessons. Therefore, complementary workshops were seemed to be necessary to overcome these challenges. These workshops might aim at providing the necessary 21st-century competencies for mathematics teachers to integrate the software into their lessons effectively.

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“…The program is based on deep belief of students capability to learn mathematics if they were given the chance to learn it, and work on solving problems that fit them in levels and time. The program uses learning by practicing approach since mathematics requires a lot of practice to gain its skills and understand concepts and build relationships between these skills and concepts to drive them to conclude the following : if we give students the chance to practice mathematics starting from the level that fits him and gradually move to the next levels this make learning process possible and meet the students current skills and give students more confidence makes them reach the program slogan GeoGebra [17]. Elgar [19] was conducted study to examine uses of technology in secondary school mathematics instruction" the study found out the need for technology training on instructional software and budgetary problems to purchase software and upgrade existing hardware.Also,Al-Zahrani's Study [20] conducted in (2004) to assess the effect of using algebra parts in teaching mathematical expressions unit on the third intermediate grade students educational achievements in Taif" results showed difference of statistical indication between the degrees of average for experimental group and those of control group of the educational achievements at each level and this lead according to researcher opinion of the importance of involving students in using educational aids referring to the enhancement in academic achievements.…”

Section: Philosophy Of Geogebraprogram:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Using Geogebraprogram on the Academic Achievement in Mathematics Among Females Secondary Students in Jeddah - Saudi Arabia.

AlMughamisi¹

2016

IJAR

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To assess the impact of using modern mathematical software on the academic achievement in mathematics among females secondary students. Methods: A descriptive study, used interview questionnaire to assess students opinions about studying mathematics using technology. 25 students of 37th girls secondary school were selected by random sampling. This study was conducted in the 37th girls secondary school only one first semester of academic year 2011-2012. (SPSS) program was used for data analysis. Results: 68% of students confirmed that using modern technology helps them in understanding Math better than Traditional teaching methods. Changing teaching methods to modern ones helps 64% of students who confirmed that. There is almost a consensus from sample members that their academic achievements enhanced after a while of using modern software in studying upon to 58% of sample members. Conclusion: Using modern mathematical software has positive effects on the academic achievement in mathematics.

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Techniques for Improving Computer‐assisted Presentations

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of Organic Solvents on the Reverse Transcription Reaction Catalyzed by Reverse Transcriptases from Avian Myeloblastosis Virus and Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

Effects of Organic Solvents on the Reverse Transcription Reaction Catalyzed by Reverse Transcriptases from Avian Myeloblastosis Virus and Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

An Exploration of Middle School Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs and Goals Regarding a Dynamic Tool in Mathematics Lessons: Case of GeoGebra

The Impact of Using Geogebraprogram on the Academic Achievement in Mathematics Among Females Secondary Students in Jeddah - Saudi Arabia.

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