Techniques for ground-based soil moisture measurement: a detailed overview

Mukhlisin, Muhammad; Astuti, Hany Windri; Wardihani, Eni Dwi; Matlan, Siti Jahara

doi:10.1007/s12517-021-08263-0

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 247 publications

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“…Ground-coupled GPR Time Depth of reflector 450; 900 225/450/900 [108] Ground wave method Ground-coupled GPR (or surface GPR) Time ≤30 cm (Penetrating depth of ground wave in soil) 225/450/900 [121] AEA method Ground-coupled GPR Amplitude and Waveform ≤30 cm 250/500 [1,122] FWI method --All attributes of recorded signal ~2 cm 1000~2000 [123] Frequency shift method Ground-coupled GPR Energy and phase etc. 10 cm 600 [2] Borehole GPR method Borehole GPR Time Maximum distance between receiver and transmitter 100; 250 [119] When the dielectric permittivity is converted from GPR to volumetric SWC, relationships must be used.…”

Section: Reflected Wave Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Dielectric Properties-Based Soil Water Content Measurements

Abdulraheem,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Dielectric properties are crucial in understanding the behavior of water within soil, particularly the soil water content (SWC), as they measure a material’s ability to store an electric charge and are influenced by water and other minerals in the soil. However, a comprehensive review paper is needed that synthesizes the latest developments in this field, identifies the key challenges and limitations, and outlines future research directions. In addition, various factors, such as soil salinity, temperature, texture, probing space, installation gap, density, clay content, sampling volume, and environmental factors, influence the measurement of the dielectric permittivity of the soil. Therefore, this review aims to address the research gap by critically analyzing the current state-of-the-art dielectric properties-based methods for SWC measurements. The motivation for this review is the increasing importance of precise SWC data for various applications such as agriculture, environmental monitoring, and hydrological studies. We examine time domain reflectometry (TDR), frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), remote sensing (RS), and capacitance, which are accurate and cost-effective, enabling real-time water resource management and soil health understanding through measuring the travel time of electromagnetic waves in soil and the reflection coefficient of these waves. SWC can be estimated using various approaches, such as TDR, FDR, GPR, and microwave-based techniques. These methods are made possible by increasing the dielectric permittivity and loss factor with SWC. The available dielectric properties are further synthesized on the basis of mathematical models relating apparent permittivity to water content, providing an updated understanding of their development, applications, and monitoring. It also analyzes recent mathematical calibration models, applications, algorithms, challenges, and trends in dielectric permittivity methods for estimating SWC. By consolidating recent advances and highlighting the remaining challenges, this review article aims to guide researchers and practitioners toward more effective strategies for SWC measurements.

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Section: Reflected Wave Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Dielectric Properties-Based Soil Water Content Measurements

Abdulraheem,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…Moreover, soil moisture dynamics also play a key role in predicting the potential impact of weather events on, e.g., fires, floods, and landslides, and on soil productivity and ecosystems as described in [4]. Despite its importance, soil moisture is one of the least understood and most difficult variables to measure in the field of soil hydrology [5]. Moreover, vegetation plays a fundamental role in soil moisture at different spatial and temporal scales, as plants extract water from the soil and influence water pathways and flows [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Moisture Forecast Using Transfer Learning: An Application in the High Tropical Andes

Escobar-González,

Villacís,

Páez-Bimos

et al. 2024

Water

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Soil moisture is a critical variable in the hydrological cycle and the climate system, significantly impacting water resources, ecosystem functioning, and the occurrence of extreme events. However, soil moisture data are often scarce, and soil water dynamics are not fully understood in mountainous regions such as the tropical Andes of Ecuador. This study aims to model and predict soil moisture dynamics using in situ-collected hydrometeorological data for training and data-driven machine-learning techniques. Our results highlight the fundamental role of vegetation in controlling soil moisture dynamics and significant differences in soil water balance related to vegetation types and topography. A baseline model was developed to predict soil moisture dynamics using neural network techniques. Subsequently, by employing transfer-learning techniques, this model was effectively applied to different soil horizons and profiles, demonstrating its generalization capacity and adaptability. The use of neural network schemes and knowledge transfer techniques allowed us to develop predictive models for soil moisture trained on in situ-collected hydrometeorological data. The transfer-learning technique, which leveraged the knowledge from a pre-trained model to a model with a similar domain, yielded results with errors on the order of 1×10−6<ϵ<1×10−3. For the training data, the forecast of the base network demonstrated excellent results, with the lowest magnitude error metric RMSE equal to 4.77×10−6, and NSE and KGE both equal to 0.97. These models show promising potential to accurately predict short-term soil moisture dynamics with potential applications for natural hazard monitoring in mountainous regions.

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“…The gravimetric method is the direct and natural way to measure SM. However, it is very labor-intensive and time-consuming, although it accurately gives ground truth data of soil moisture content [4], [5]. All other SM measurement technique comes under the indirect measurement method, indirect because they use the change in the internal property of the sensory system as a proxy for soil water content (SWC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the ground contact type sensor category, timedomain reflectometry, time-domain transmission, frequency domain reflectometry, neutron probe, electrical resistance, electromagnetic sensors, and tensiometers are widely used [5]- [9]. However, due to the setup cost and bulkiness, these methods are less preferred for soil moisture monitoring [4], [5], [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis and Calibration of Low Cost Resistive and Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor

Chowdhury¹,

Sen²,

Janardhanan³

2022

Preprint

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Soil moisture is an essential parameter in agriculture. It determines several environmental and agricultural activities such as climate change, drought prediction, irrigation, etc. Smart irrigation management requires continuous soil moisture monitoring to reduce unnecessary water usage. In recent times, the use of low-cost sensors is becoming popular among farmers for soil moisture monitoring. In this paper, a comparison of low-cost resistive and capacitive soil moisture sensors is demonstrated in two ways. One way is the calibration of the sensors in gravimetric and volumetric water content, and the other is the sensors' response analysis when different quantities of water are added to the same amount of soil. The analysis shown in this work is essential before choosing costeffective sensors for any soil moisture monitoring platform.

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Techniques for ground-based soil moisture measurement: a detailed overview

Cited by 11 publications

References 247 publications

Recent Advances in Dielectric Properties-Based Soil Water Content Measurements

Recent Advances in Dielectric Properties-Based Soil Water Content Measurements

Soil Moisture Forecast Using Transfer Learning: An Application in the High Tropical Andes

Comparative Analysis and Calibration of Low Cost Resistive and Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor

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