Techniques for Extraction and Group Separation of Bile Acids

Sjövall, Jan; Setchell, Kenneth D.R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0901-7_1

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 273 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…No attempt was made to specifically isolate bile acid glucuronides that, if present in trace levels, would appear partly in the taurine and mainly in the sulfate fraction using the system we used and consequently would have been hydrolyzed under the solvolytic conditions used (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive study of the biliary bile acid composition of patients with cystic fibrosis and associated liver disease before and after UDCA administration

1990

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The biliary bile acid composition was determined for patients with cystic fibrosis and associated liver disease before and after the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (10 to 15 mg/kg body wt/day). Bile acids were analyzed by fast atom bombardment ionization-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after individual bile acids were separated according to their mode of conjugation using the lipophilic anion exchanger, diethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20. More than 50 individual bile acids were identified in the bile of cystic fibrosis patients and these acids were predominantly secreted as glycine and taurine conjugates. Small proportions (less than 8% of the total) of unconjugated and sulfate conjugates were present. Of interest was the identification of two side-chain-elongated (C25) bile acids, homocholic and homochenodeoxycholic acids. After ursodeoxycholic acid was administered, duodenal bile became enriched with the conjugated species of ursodeoxycholic acid (accounting for 11.9% to 32.5% of the total biliary bile acids), but to a lesser extent than reported previously for patients with other liver diseases or gallstones who received comparable doses of ursodeoxycholic acid, and this presumably occurs because of bile acid malabsorption that is a feature of cystic fibrosis. The mean glycine/taurine ratio increased from 2.4 before ursodeoxycholic acid administration to 5 after ursodeoxycholic acid administration even though these patients also received taurine. Despite the relatively low enrichment of the bile by ursodeoxycholic acid, biochemical indices of liver function all improved in these patients after ursodeoxycholic acid administration.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive study of the biliary bile acid composition of patients with cystic fibrosis and associated liver disease before and after UDCA administration

1990

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A detailed discussion of various techniques for extraction and group separation of bile acids has been published ( 53 ) and only the most common ones are discussed here. The selection also refl ects the authors' personal preferences.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is preferably based on the charge differences of conjugates and/or the differences in the polarity of the bile acid nucleus (the latter is discussed in ref. 53 Unfortunately, only PHP-LH-20 is commercially available today (Shimadzu). Literature for the simple and rapid synthesis of the other ion exchangers is cited in ref.…”

Section: Group Separation Of Bile Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bile acids: analysis in biological fluids and tissues

Griffiths

Sjövall

2010

Journal of Lipid Research

162

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

in lower vertebrates. Metabolism of cholesterol to bile acids/bile alcohols is of major importance for the maintenance and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Depending on their structure, bile acids/bile alcohols can be ligands to nuclear receptors with different regulatory functions in animals, including even Caenorhabditis elegans ( 1 ). Bile acids can be formed in some marine microorganisms ( 2 ). These fi ndings have increased interest in methods for specifi c and sensitive analysis of bile acids.Conjugated forms of bile acids/bile alcohols in bile (bile salts) are essential participants in the absorption of lipids and lipid soluble compounds. Studies of this function, bile secretion, enterohepatic circulation, levels in blood, urine, and feces required methods for analysis of bile acids. In 1844, M. von Pettenkofer described his classical color reaction between cholic acid(s) and sugar in conc. sulfuric acid. During the subsequent 100 years, the reaction was modifi ed in numerous ways. This period is described by Sobotka ( 3, 4 ), who pointed out the discrepancies between the poor quality of the analytical methods of his days and the better understanding of bile acid physiology and pathology. He made the following remarks, well worth considering today:"The value of a method lies not only in its specifi city but also in the ease with which interfering factors may be specifi cally removed. To test the usefulness of a method, it is insuffi cient to demonstrate that solutions of the pure substance yield correct results and that known amounts of the substance, when added to biological material, may be completely recovered. It is absolutely necessary to prove that the analytical reaction given by the biological material or extract is due to the substance for which one tests. The unequivocal identifi cation of this substance, in amounts consistent with the analytical data, should alAbstract The formation of bile acids/bile alcohols is of major importance for the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis. Besides their functions in lipid absorption, bile acids/bile alcohols are regulatory molecules for a number of metabolic processes. Their effects are structure-dependent, and numerous metabolic conversions result in a complex mixture of biologically active and inactive forms. Advanced methods are required to characterize and quantify individual bile acids in these mixtures. A combination of such analyses with analyses of the proteome will be required for a better understanding of mechanisms of action and nature of endogenous ligands. Mass spectrometry is the basic detection technique for effl uents from chromatographic columns. Capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization provides the highest sensitivity in metabolome analysis. Classical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is less sensitive but offers extensive structuredependent fragmentation increasing the specifi city in analyses of isobaric isomers of unconjugated bile acids. Depending on the nature of the bile acid/bile alc...

show abstract

“…The liquid extraction methods optimized for lipid classes are commonly based on chloroform-methanol (MeOH) (3) or isopropanol-hexane (4) but result in poor recoveries of conjugated bile acids (BAs) in the organic phase (5). Thus, simultaneous liquid-liquid extraction and TLC separation of BA and other lipids is very difficult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BAs represent a broad range in polarity, with the taurineconjugated trihydroxy BAs being the most polar and the unconjugated monohydroxy BAs being the least polar. Techniques for the extraction and separation of BAs (5,15) and phospholipids (PLs) (16) in biological samples have been thoroughly reviewed. C18 SPE has been shown to efficiently isolate BAs and their conjugates from biological fluids such as bile, serum, urine, stool, etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous assessment of lipid classes and bile acids in human intestinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and HPLC methods

Persson

Löfgren

Hansson

et al. 2007

Journal of Lipid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of the study reported here was to develop a method for the determination of lipid classes in intestinal fluids, including bile acids (BAs). A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using C18 and silica columns for the separation of BAs, phospholipids (PLs), and neutral lipids (NLs), including free fatty acids, has been developed and validated. Fed-state small intestinal fluid collected from humans was treated with orlistat to inhibit lipolysis and mixed with acetic acid and methanol before SPE to maximize lipid recoveries. BAs, PLs, and NLs were isolated using lipophilic and polar solvents to promote elution from the SPE columns. The different lipid classes were subsequently analyzed using three separately optimized HPLC methods with evaporative light-scattering detectors. High recoveries (.90%) of all lipids evaluated were observed, with low coefficients of variation (,5%). The HPLC methods developed were highly reproducible and allowed baseline separation of nearly all lipid classes investigated.

show abstract

Techniques for Extraction and Group Separation of Bile Acids

Cited by 15 publications

References 273 publications

Comprehensive study of the biliary bile acid composition of patients with cystic fibrosis and associated liver disease before and after UDCA administration

Comprehensive study of the biliary bile acid composition of patients with cystic fibrosis and associated liver disease before and after UDCA administration

Bile acids: analysis in biological fluids and tissues

Simultaneous assessment of lipid classes and bile acids in human intestinal fluid by solid-phase extraction and HPLC methods

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About