Techniques for detection of high-altitude nuclear explosions

Jean, A. G.; Hornback, Charles E.; Doherty, R. H.; Winkelman, J.R.; Moore, Russell T.

doi:10.1109/proc.1965.4487

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The influence of a localized depression of the ionosphere on VLF signals has been calculated [Wait, 1964;Crombie, 1964b]. Related experimental studies, including solar-flare and nuclear-explosion effects, have been discussed extensively [e.g., Albee and Bates, 1964;Crombie, 1964a,b;Chilton, Steele, and Crombie, 1964;Field and Engel, 1965;Chilton, Connor, and Steele, 1965;Jean, Hornback, Doherty, Winkelman, and Moore, 1965].…”

Section: Vlf Ionospheric Radio Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S.A. National Committee Report, Fifteenth URSI General Assembly, Munich, September 1966: Commission 3, Ionospheric Radio; Progress in Ionospheric Radio

Bowhill¹,

Bibl²,

Calvert³

et al. 1966

Radio Science

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Auroral absorption measured in the auroral zone with riometers is on the average more pronounced in the winter months for both hemispheres. Also, in winter it has a pronounced diurnal variation with a maximum a few hours before noon. The average absorption in winter is twice that in summer, but sunlight has no influence in its value [Leinbach and Basler, 1963; Basler, 1963]. Individual events at night are characterized by a quiet phase of relatively small absorption, a sharp increase of absorption associated with the breakup phase of the visible aurora, and a fast recovery with irregular fluctuation of absorption. Detailed correlation of areas of absorption and luminosity exists for such events [Ansari, 1964]. The structure is less than 200 km in the north‐south direction and 700 km in the east‐west direction [Parthasarathy and Berkey, 1965]. An event seen only after midnight consists of a relatively slow increase and recovery of extremely high absorption with no de~ailed correlation of light emission and absorption. It is associated with a harder electron spectrum [Ansari, 1964]. A peculiar type of absorption event frequently observed during midmorning usually increases very smoothly, reaches a high value of absorption, and is not accompanied by appreciable magnetic activity [Ansari, 1965]. Absorption associated either with negative bays or with breakup events shows no difference in intensity between day and night [Brown and Barcus, 1963; Brown, 1964]. There is a limited correlation between the high‐energy part of the electron spectrum, as measured by X‐rays in balloons, and the absorption [Barcus, 1965].

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Section: Vlf Ionospheric Radio Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S.A. National Committee Report, Fifteenth URSI General Assembly, Munich, September 1966: Commission 3, Ionospheric Radio; Progress in Ionospheric Radio

Bowhill¹,

Bibl²,

Calvert³

et al. 1966

Radio Science

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“…An investigation of the second method for application to ground-based techniques is underway [58]. Consideration presents a summary of previously discussed characteristics as they apply to each of the techniques that have been outlined in Section 111.…”

Section: -/mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems for the detection and identification of nuclear explosions in the atmosphere and in space

Dickinson

Tamarkin²

1965

Proc. IEEE

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guidance and assistance throughout the program; C.Hubbard and C. Fuchs, who were responsible for much of the instrument design; G. Latham, L. Seeber, B.Auld, and L. L7an Hemelrijck, who reduced much of the data, operated the shore station, and helped with the instrumentation; and the officers and crew of R / V Sir Horace Lamb, C. IlcCann, \laster, who were instrumental in the successful completion of the TBS experiment south of Bermuda.IVe gratefully acknowledge the assistance of B. Bolt and of the personnel of the Richmond Engineering Field Station of the Cniversity of California, Berkeley. \Te are grateful for the assistance of the officers and crew of the Army cable ship Basil 0. Lenoir, F. Dietrich, blaster, during the shipboard operations associated with the OBS west of California. H. Lf-yath of General Electric Co. was responsible for the OBS deployment and cable laying operations. E. Rhian and D. Friedman of Philco had primary responsibility for the design and construction of the telemetry system. J. Kane, O.S.R.contract monitor, provided a great deal of important assistance. REFERENCES[ l ] J. Ewing and M. Ewing, "A telemetering ocean-bottom seismograph,"Abstract-. qualitative perspective is given of problems encountered in designing systems for the detection and identification of nuclear explosions above the earth's surface. Pertinent physical phenomenology is summarized; detection techniques are explained briefly; effects of natural backgrounds are mentioned; system requirements are discussed; a summary comparative table is presented which incorporates these various considerations. The paper is meant to serve as an introduction to a group of technical papers on diverse related subjects. ISTRODUCTIOSs YSTEMS ESTABLISHED to detect nuclear tests and explosions have been in existence for many years, and a t present are capable of detecting Manuscript received October 20, 1965. H. Dickinson is with the Advanced Research Projects Agency, P. Tamarkin is with the RASD Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Washington, D. C. 192 1

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