Techniques for computing refraction of radio waves in the troposphere

The wide variations in refractive index gradients that may be encountered ·for nominally line-ofsight microwave maritime paths can cause severe fading. A common type is known as k-type fading which includes phase-interference fading and also diffraction fading as the refractive index gradient varies over a wide range. Lewin (1962) was the first to provide an engineering design procedure that roughly approximated: (a), the required terminal antenna heights to reduce diffraction fading, and (b), the required diversity separations (frequency or space) to provide a dynamic reduction of phase-inter· ference fading. The diversity design procedures, (b) above,.bave since been derived in a more accurate manner although they presuppose that item (a) has been provided for. The present paper meets this requirement. It provides a more accurate design procedure for determining the requirements, (a) above, to reduce diffraction fading. As an aid for the procedure, a new computer-derived curve is presented for the attenuation by a spherical earth at grazing conditions.

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“…The ray paths have radii of curvature related to an average gradient of refractive index (Millington, 1957;Dutton and Thayer, 1961).…”

Section: Diffraction Fadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Antenna Height for Protection Against Microwave Diffraction Fading

Dougherty

Wilkerson

1967

Radio Science

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How to incorporate generic refraction models into multistatic tracking algorithms

Crouse

2013

2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference

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Basic tracking using nonlinear 3D monostatic and bistatic measurements in refractive environments

Crouse

2014

IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.

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Techniques for computing refraction of radio waves in the troposphere

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Determination of Antenna Height for Protection Against Microwave Diffraction Fading

Determination of Antenna Height for Protection Against Microwave Diffraction Fading

How to incorporate generic refraction models into multistatic tracking algorithms

Basic tracking using nonlinear 3D monostatic and bistatic measurements in refractive environments

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