Technique for Assessing the Effects of Drugs on Timing Behavior

Zeeuw, Dick de; Leopold, A. C.

doi:10.1126/science.122.3176.925-a

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Similar effects of amphetamine have also been reported for rats performing on a single fixed-interval schedule (Evans, 1971;Mc-Kearney, 1968) and on a multiple schedule (Clark & Steele, 1966). Furthermore, amphetamine has been shown to have similar effects on operant behavior maintained by other reinforcers, such as food (Owen, 1960), heat (Weiss & Laties, 1963), electrical stimulation of the brain (Olds, 1962;Stein, 1964), and electric shock avoidance (Sidman, 1955;Verhave, 1958;Weissman, 1963) (an exception to this is the failure of amphetamine to increase low response rates maintained by punishment schedules, Kelleher & Morse, 1968). Rate-dependent effects of amphetamine on operant behavior have also been observed in dogs (Weiss & Laties, 1964), monkeys (McMillan, 1968b, and humans (Dews & Morse, 1958).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Amphetamine and operant behavior in rats: Relationship between drug effect and control response rate.

Heffner¹,

Drawbaugh²,

Zigmond³

1974

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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The effect of amphetamine on the rate of operant responding was examined using rats trained to press a lever for water reinforcement. Amphetamine's effect was strongly correlated with the mean predrug rate of responding: Drug-induced increases in rate were inversely proportional to control rates, while drug-induced decreases were directly proportional to control rates. This relationship was observed in different groups of rats trained to perform on different types of reinforcement schedules (fixed ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval), in a single group of rats performing on different schedules of the same type (different fixed ratios), and for a single group of rats performing in different segments of the same schedule (fixed interval).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Amphetamine and operant behavior in rats: Relationship between drug effect and control response rate.

Heffner¹,

Drawbaugh²,

Zigmond³

1974

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…After training, the distribution of interresponse times usually has a peak near T sec; amphetamines normally shift this peak to the left, i.e., decrease interresponse times. This result has been found with damphetamine (McMillan & Campbell, 1970;Pradhan & Dutta, 1970;Robbins & Iversen, 1973;Sanger, Key, & Blackman, 1974;Weiss & Laties, 1967), cW-amphetamine (Schuster & Zimmerman, 1961;Segal, 1962;Sidman, 1955), and methamphetamine (Mechner, Snapper, & Ray, 1961); with DRL values from 12 sec (Mechner et al, 1961) to 40 sec (Pradhan & Dutta, 1970); and with water (e.g., Sidman, 1955), milk (e.g., Segal, 1962), and solid food (e.g., Robbins & Iversen, 1972) as reward. The subjects have been rats (e.g., Sidman, 1955), pigeons (McMillan & Campbell, 1970), and monkeys (Weiss & Laties, 1967); results with humans are mixed (Dews & Morse, 1958;Mechner et al, 1961;Weiss & Laties, 1967).…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Methamphetamine and time estimation.

Maricq¹,

Roberts²,

Church³

1981

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

279

269

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Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of methamphetamine on the performance of rats in two timing tasks. When food sometimes followed the first response after T sec of a signal, the response rate increased to a peak near T sec and then declined. Methamphetamine decreased the time of the peak (Experiments 1 and 2). When one response (called a "short response") was reinforced following a short signal and a different response (a "long response") was reinforced following a long signal (where the short and long signals were 1 and 4, 2 and 8, or 4 and 16 sec), the probability of a long response increased as a function of signal duration. The point of indifference (50% long response) occurred near the geometric mean of the extreme durations, and methamphetamine decreased the point of indifference by about 10%. These results suggest that methamphetamine increases the speed of an internal clock used by rats in time discrimination tasks.

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“…Some years ago, DE ZEEUW and LEOPOLD (1955) observed that NAA, applied during flower-indueing cold treatment, permitted flower initiation injuvenile Brusseis sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera L.) seedlings.…”

Section: Inability To Flowermentioning

confidence: 99%