Abstract:Hemodynamics monitoring provides important information about the performance of the heart, including preload, afterload, contractility, and pump efficiency. The most popular techniques used to be based on invasive methods, such as the Fick's formula, thermodilution, and invasive intravascular pressure monitoring, and noninvasive ultrasound-based methods such as echocardiography, transesophageal Doppler monitoring of stroke volume, and peripheral arterial tonometry. Impedance methods combined with opportunities… Show more
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