Technical Viability of Battery Second Life: A Study From the Ageing Perspective

Martinez-Laserna, Egoitz; Sarasketa-Zabala, Elixabet; Sarria, Igor Villarreal; Stroe, Daniel‐Ioan; Świerczyński, Maciej; Warnecke, Alexander; Timmermans, Jean-Marc; Goutam, Shovon; Omar, Noshin; Rodríguez, Pedro

doi:10.1109/tia.2018.2801262

Cited by 163 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In fact, the tested coin cells displayed higher stability when working at higher temperatures and low C-rates but also presented poorer efficiency, as described later in this section. In addition, these results show that the sudden death or ageing knee that typically occurs in Lithium ion batteries [57,58] is not appreciable in Li-S batteries (some cells achieved 40% SoH and continued working).…”

Section: Ageing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Lithium ion batteries generally suffer an exponential internal resistance increase as SoH decreases, that is, the internal resistance increase is quite low at the beginning but is more and more noticeable as the battery ages. For instance, a study regarding the battery ageing of real electric vehicles using the internal resistance shows how at 88% SoH, the internal resistance of all the cells in the battery was slightly higher than at the beginning, but at 82% SoH their internal resistance was already 20% higher [59] and it may rise even higher if the SoH goes beyond this point [57], up to 200% at 60% SoH [60].…”

Section: Ageing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Lithium Sulfur Battery Ageing on Second-Life Possibilities and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Studies

et al. 2019

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The development of Li-ion batteries has enabled the re-entry of electric vehicles into the market. As car manufacturers strive to reach higher practical specific energies (550 Wh/kg) than what is achievable for Li-ion batteries, new alternatives for battery chemistry are being considered. Li-Sulfur batteries are of interest due to their ability to achieve the desired practical specific energy. The research presented in this paper focuses on the development of the Li-Sulfur technology for use in electric vehicles. The paper presents the methodology and results for endurance tests conducted on in-house manufactured Li-S cells under various accelerated ageing conditions. The Li-S cells were found to reach 80% state of health after 300–500 cycles. The results of these tests were used as the basis for discussing the second life options for Li-S batteries, as well as environmental Life Cycle Assessment results of a 50 kWh Li-S battery.

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Section: Ageing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Ageing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Lithium Sulfur Battery Ageing on Second-Life Possibilities and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Studies

et al. 2019

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“…The primary determination of LIB service life in vehicles is power fade, and LIBs employed in high‐power vehicle applications are likely to still have considerable capacity when retired. A growing body of research has pointed to the technical and economic feasibility of LIB reuse or second life (Ahmadi, Young, Fowler, Fraser, & Achachlouei, ; Martinez‐Laserna et al., ; Richa, Babbitt, Nenadic, & Gaustad, ). To the extent batteries could be employed in secondary applications, batteries may remain in service longer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the future of lithium: Part 2, temporally and spatially resolved life‐cycle assessment modeling

Ambrose

Kendall

2019

J of Industrial Ecology

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An array of emerging technologies, from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems, relies on large-format lithium ion batteries (LIBs). LIBs are a critical enabler of clean energy technologies commonly associated with air pollution and greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. However, LIBs require lithium, and expanding the supply of lithium requires new lithium production capacity, which, in turn, changes the environmental impacts associated with lithium production since different resource types and ore qualities will be exploited. A question of interest is whether this will lead to significant changes in the environmental impacts of primary lithium over time. Part one of this two-part article series describes the development of a novel resource production model that predicts future lithium demand and production characteristics (e.g., timing, location, and ore type). In this article, part two, the forecast is coupled with anticipatory life-cycle assessment (LCA) modeling to estimate the environmental impacts of producing battery-grade lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) each year between 2018 and 2100.The result is a normalized life-cycle impact intensity for LCE that reflects the changing resource type, quantity, and region of production. Sustained growth in lithium demands through 2100 necessitates extraction of lower grade resources and mineral deposits, especially after 2050.Despite the reliance on lower grade resources and differences in impact intensity for LCE production from each deposit, the LCA results show only small to modest increases in impact, for example, carbon intensity increases from 3.2 kg CO 2 e/kg LCE in 2020 to 3.3 kg CO 2 e/kg LCE in 2100.

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“…An increasing demand is predicted for the future through battery-powered electric cars, as batteries have so far mainly been required in consumer electronics [42][43][44]. Along with high costs and weight, the beforehand mentioned durability of batteries is a hindering factor for implementation.…”

Section: Battery Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex-Ante Prediction of Disruptive Innovation: The Case of Battery Technologies

Müller

Kunderer

2019

Sustainability

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Battery technologies represent a highly relevant field that is undergoing conversions in the context of, for instance, battery electric vehicles or stationary power storage for renewable energies. Currently, lithium-ion batteries represent the predominant technology that has, however, a considerable environmental impact that could hinder the emergence of sustainable energy systems. Driven by these conversions, several authors claim that potentially disruptive technologies could occur. The concept of disruptive innovation has been highly regarded in research and practice, but has only been successfully regarded from an ex-post perspective. However, without the possibility to establish ex-ante predictions of disruptive innovation, several authors disregard the concept of having significant relevance for practice. In response to this research gap, the present paper attempts to establish an ex-ante prediction of potential disruptive innovation. The method is based on the disruption hazard model by Sood and Tellis, testing seven hypotheses regarding a potential disruption hazard of redox-flow batteries towards lithium-ion batteries. The paper finds that redox-flow batteries could represent a disruptive technology, but this evaluation is limited to an expert evaluation. The authors discuss this finding, as the technical characteristics of redox-flow batteries support its role as a potential disruptive innovation, concluding with implications, limitations as well as suggestions for future research.

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Technical Viability of Battery Second Life: A Study From the Ageing Perspective

Cited by 163 publications

References 18 publications

The Effects of Lithium Sulfur Battery Ageing on Second-Life Possibilities and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Studies

The Effects of Lithium Sulfur Battery Ageing on Second-Life Possibilities and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Studies

Understanding the future of lithium: Part 2, temporally and spatially resolved life‐cycle assessment modeling

Ex-Ante Prediction of Disruptive Innovation: The Case of Battery Technologies

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