Technical progresses for PVC production

Saeki, Yasuharu; Emura, Takashi

doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(02)00039-4

Cited by 208 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The increases in S value was sharp for control PVC between 100 and 300 h. Less insoluble residual polymers were observed in PVC containing complexes and in particular those that contain Ph3SnL. The degree of deterioration (α) for PVC films can be calculated using Equation (2). It is dependent on the initial molecular weight (m), S and .…”

Section: Evaluation Of Stabilizing Efficiency Of Pvc By Variation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of α is proportional to the break of randomly distributed weak bond which is fast in the initial stage of irradiation. The degree of deterioration (α) for PVC films can be calculated using Equation (2). It is dependent on the initial molecular weight (m), S and M V .…”

Section: Evaluation Of Stabilizing Efficiency Of Pvc By Variation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PVC polymeric materials come next to polyolefins in terms of global production and consumption [2]. It has various outdoor applications, mainly in construction materials [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photostabilizing Efficiency of Poly(vinyl chloride) in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Complexes as Photostabilizers

2016

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Three organotin complexes containing furosemide as a ligand (L), Ph 3 SnL, Me 2 SnL 2 and Bu 2 SnL 2 , were synthesized and characterized. Octahedral geometry was proposed for the Me 2 SnL 2 and Bu 2 SnL 2 , while the Ph 3 SnL complex has trigonal bipyramid geometry. The synthesized organotin complexes (0.5% by weight) were used as additives to improve the photostability of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, (40 µm thickness) upon irradiation. The changes imposed on functional groups, weight loss and viscosity average molecular weight of PVC films were monitored. The experimental results show that the rate of photodegradation was reduced in the presence of the organotin additives. The quantum yield of the chain scission was found to be low (9.8 × 10 −7 ) when Ph 3 SnL was used as a PVC photostabilizer compared to controlled PVC (5.18 × 10 −6 ). In addition, the atomic force microscope images for the PVC films containing Ph 3 SnL 2 after irradiation shows a smooth surface compared to the controlled films. The rate of PVC photostabilization was found to be highest for Ph 3 SnL followed by Bu 2 SnL 2 and Me 2 SnL 2 . It has been suggested that the organotin complexes could act as hydrogen chloride scavengers, ultraviolet absorbers, peroxide decomposers and/or radical scavengers.

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Section: Evaluation Of Stabilizing Efficiency Of Pvc By Variation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Stabilizing Efficiency Of Pvc By Variation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photostabilizing Efficiency of Poly(vinyl chloride) in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Complexes as Photostabilizers

2016

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“…It is worth pointing out that as about 90% of the production of PVC is made in suspension polymerization, the prevention methods developed in the PVC industry are focused on suspension polymerization and the efficiency of these methods may be lower in emulsion polymerization. [17] Emulsion polymerization is a multiphase complex process that involves nucleation of polymer particles, polymerization in both aqueous phase and polymer particles and mass transfer of monomers, surfactants, radicals and oligomers among phases. In such a complex system, fouling can occur through different mechanisms including direct attachment of polymer particles to the internal surfaces followed by wet sintering of the particles; coagulation of particles in the bulk of the latex and attachment of the coagula to the internal surfaces; and adsorption of water soluble polymer and oligomers to the internal surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactor Fouling by Preformed Latexes

Urrutia

Bandrés

Asúa

2016

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Reactor fouling caused by preformed latexes is investigated using 50 wt% solids content latexes of different colloidal stability. In the absence of agitation, a rapid adsorption equilibrium is achieved for pH below the isoelectric point of the stainless steel (pH = 4.3). The equilibrium fouling decreases as solids content decreases and by increasing the pH above the isoelectric point of the stainless steel. The stability of the latex is a major factor determining fouling, which strongly decreases as latex stability increases. Under agitation, fouling increases with time, solids content, and temperature, and it decreases as the colloidal stability of the latex increases. The flow patterns in the reactor determine the distribution of fouling in the baffles. A mechanism for fouling formation is proposed by combining computational fluid dynamics and experimental results.

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“…For this reason a spray drier is normally employed to isolate the solid product. Dried agglomerates of primary PVC particles are collected by cyclone and bag-filter and then usually ground (milling) by pulverizer [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) powder produced by emulsion polymerization

Savrık

Balköse

Ulutan

et al. 2010

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The effect of emulsion process formulation ingredients on the morphology, structure, and properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder has been considered in this study. PVC powder was extracted with ethanol and films were obtained by solvent casting from tetrahydrofurane. Characterization of powders, films, and ethanol extract was performed through FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, AFM, SEM, EDX analysis, methylene blue, and nitrogen adsorption. PVC powder was composed of spheres of a large particle size range from 10 nm to 20 lm as shown by SEM. The specific surface area of the PVC powder was determined as 16 and 12 m 2 g -1 from methylene blue adsorption at 25°C and from N 2 adsorption at -196°C, respectively. AFM indicated the surface roughness of the films obtained by pressing the particles was 25.9 nm. Density of PVC powder was determined by helium pycnometry as 1.39 g cm -3 . FTIR spectroscopy indicated that it contained carbonyl and carboxylate groups belonging to additives such as surface active agents, plasticizers, and antioxidants used in production of PVC. These additives were 1.6% in mass of PVC as determined by ethanol extraction. EDX analysis showed PVC particles surfaces were coated with carbon-rich materials. The coatings had plasticizer effect since, glass transition temperature was lower than 25°C for PVC powder and it was 80°C for ethanol extracted powders as found by using differential scanning calorimetry. These additives from polymerization process made PVC powder more thermally stable as understood from Metrom PVC thermomat tests as well.

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Technical progresses for PVC production

Cited by 208 publications

References 45 publications

Photostabilizing Efficiency of Poly(vinyl chloride) in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Complexes as Photostabilizers

Photostabilizing Efficiency of Poly(vinyl chloride) in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Complexes as Photostabilizers

Reactor Fouling by Preformed Latexes

Characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) powder produced by emulsion polymerization

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