Technical proficiency among table tennis players with and without intellectual disabilities

Biesen, Debbie Van; Mactavish, Jennifer; Pattyn, Nele; Vanlandewijck, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2012.07.004

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…II-players spent more time than AB-players in this phase, they made more dribbles, they made more infractions and they achieved less successful solutions. Probably, II might also influence on technical proficiency of II-basketball players as it was found in II-table tennis players (Van Biesen, Mactavish, Pattyn, & Vanlandewijck, 2012) that could explain these differences; however, as technical skills were not assesed in this study it can not be confirmed yet. Besides, according to Tenenbaum´s model (2003), once player´s decide, they need to continuously read the situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Influence of intellectual impairment (II) on basketball players´ capacity to solve a game situation: towards evidence-based classification systems in II-basketball

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et al. 2016

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Basketball for athletes with intellectual impairment (II) requires the development of evidence-based eligibility systems to guarantee that only athletes with significant limitations performing basketball participate in these competitions. In addition, this is needed to re-include IIbasketball in the Paralympic program. To do this, it is required to investigate how II impacts on fundamental basketball activities. To address this need, the aim of this study was to compare ablebodied (AB) and II-players´ capacity to solve a game situation. A field test was designed ad hoc in which 38 elite II-players from France, Portugal, Australia and Japan who participated in the Global Games (2015) and 38 AB-basketball players competing in Spanish competitions, had to solve 8 standardized game situations. Results indicated that II-players spent significantly (p≤0.05) more time to decide (0.92±0.2s) than AB-players (0.63±0.1s) and to execute the solution (II: 3.01±0.4s; AB: 2.56±0.3s). Also, II-players made more rule infractions (II: 7.11±1.4; AB: 7.71±0.7), more feints (II: 1.37±1.4; AB: 0.3±0.6), more dribbles (II: 15.08±3.9; AB: 12.29±2.3) and they performed less successful solutions (II: 4.42±1.5; AB: 5.39±1.3). However, no differences were found in number of correct decisions made. Decision time, number of dribbles and situations in which they succeeded were the variables that best discriminated between II and AB-players. These results confirmed the negative influence of II on players´ capacity to solve a basketball game situation. The calculated discriminant function let us establish the minimum scores from this test that indicates significant limitations on the capacity to solve a game situation. These scores are applicable to determine eligibility criteria in IIbasketball worldwide. Keywords: Classification, eligibility systems, Paralympics, decision making. Influencia de la discapacidad intelectual (DI) en la capacidad de los jugadores de baloncesto para resolver una situación de juego: hacia los sistemas de clasificación basados en la evidencia en baloncesto-DI RESUMEN:El baloncesto para personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI) requiere del desarrollo de sistemas de elegibilidad basados en la evidencia que garanticen la participación en estas competiciones únicamente de deportistas con limitaciones significativas para practicar baloncesto. Además, esto es

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Influence of intellectual impairment (II) on basketball players´ capacity to solve a game situation: towards evidence-based classification systems in II-basketball

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et al. 2016

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“…The inter-individual variability observed in runners with intellectual impairment corresponds with findings in many other studies (not only in running) involving participants with intellectual impairment. It was previously observed that intellectual impairment is related to larger inter-individual variation in reaction times (Carmeli et al, 2008), physical fitness (Graham and Reid, 2000; Lahtinen et al, 2007), and performance on sport-specific tasks such as table tennis technical proficiency (Van Biesen et al, 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the level of professionalism in sport for elite athletes with intellectual impairment compared to regular elite sport is not equal. Differences exist in training quality, access to top-coaches, prize money and sponsorship among other factors (Van Biesen et al, 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacing Profiles in Competitive Track Races: Regulation of Exercise Intensity Is Related to Cognitive Ability

et al. 2016

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Pacing has been defined as the goal-directed regulation of exercise intensity over an exercise bout, in which athletes need to decide how and when to invest their energy. The purpose of this study was to explore if the regulation of exercise intensity during competitive track races is different between runners with and without intellectual impairment, which is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning (IQ ≤ 75) and adaptive behavioral deficits, diagnosed before the age of 18. The samples included elite runners with intellectual impairment (N = 36) and a comparison group of world class runners without impairment (N = 39), of which 47 were 400 m runners (all male) and 28 were 1500 m-runners (15 male and 13 female). Pacing was analyzed by means of 100 m split times (for 400 m races) and 200 m split times (for 1500 m races). Based on the split times, the average velocity was calculated for four segments of the races. Velocity fluctuations were defined as the differences in velocity between consecutive race segments. A mixed model ANOVA revealed significant differences in pacing profiles between runners with and without intellectual impairment (p < 0.05). Maximal velocity of elite 400 m runners with intellectual impairment in the first race segment (7.9 ± 0.3 m/s) was well below the top-velocity reached by world level 400 m runners without intellectual impairment (8.9 ± 0.2 m/s), and their overall pace was slower (F = 120.7, p < 0.05). In addition, both groups followed a different pacing profile and inter-individual differences in pacing profiles were larger, with differences most pronounced for 1500 m races. Whereas, male 1500 m-runners without intellectual impairment reached a high velocity in the first 100 m (7.2 ± 0.1 m/s), slowly decelerated in the second race segment (−0.6 ± 0.1 m/s), and finished with an end sprint (+0.9 ± 0.1 m/s); the 1500 m runners with intellectual impairment started slower (6.1 ± 0.3 m/s), accelerated in the second segment (+0.2 ± 0.7 m/s), and then slowly decreased until the finish (F = 6.8, p < 0.05). Our findings support the hypothesis that runners with intellectual impairment have difficulties to efficiently self-regulate their exercise intensity. Their limited cognitive resources may constrain the successful integration of appropriate pacing strategies during competitive races.

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“…To do this a framework of describing the elements of sports proficiency is helpful, and one found to be useful in this arena by Van Biesen, et al (2012) is that of Williams, & Reilly (2000). Here the core predictors of talent are deemed to be physical, physiological, psychological/perceptual-cognitive skills, and sociological.…”

Section: Table Tennismentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of intellectual disabilities on elite sports performance

Burns

2015

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) were re-introduced into the Paralympics in London 2012. As part of this development a classification system had to be established evidencing the impact this impairment has on elite sports performance. This review examines the research behind this issue.Firstly it examines the limited literature comparing the standards reached by top-level athletes with ID with those without disabilities, and then moves on to look at the research demonstrating differences in both the cognitive and physical skills needed for elite performance. The paper then reviews the factors which may be implicated to account for this disparity, from a range of perspectives. A case is made for the importance of looking at this area in terms of the potential for the transferability of research findings from this group to talent identification in mainstream athletes and the benefits of integrating neuropsychological concepts and approaches to understanding the cognitive components behind the development of particular skills associated with high level performance in specific sports. Keywords: Intellectual disabilities, Paralympics, elite performance, cognitive functioning ContextThe place of sport and exercise in the lives of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) has attracted much research in recent years. Much of this has focused on sport and exercise as remedial or preventative activity to combat specific health issues such as obesity and poor physical health. Other research has looked more at the psychosocial impact of improving social networks (Hutzler & Korsensky, 2010) or psychological factors such as increasing self-esteem (Weiss, Diamond, Demark, & Lovald, 2003). However, leading up to and beyond the re-introduction of athletes with ID into the London Paralympics in 2012 there has been an increasing interest in the participation of these athletes in elite competition, and it is this work which will form the focus of this review. The ord Ol pi s a d people ith ID have a long association through the SpecialOlympics. The Special Olympics was originally set up in the US in the late 6 s with the aim to provide training and competition for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. These days it caters to 4.2 million people across the world and includes a programme of unified (disabled and nondisabled) sport. However, within the Special Olympics, although highly successful and bringing benefit to millions of people with ID and their families across the globe, the emphasis is more on participation, empowerment and opportunity than achieving elite performance (Specialolympics.org, 2015). This domain is the remit of another organisation, the International Federation for Para-athletes with Intellectual Disability (INAS). The vision of INAS is ….inspired y a elief that an intelle tual disa ility should not e a barrier to enjoying and being the best in sport. INAS ision is that athletes ith an intelle tualdisability across the World have the opportunity to achieve excellence in sport ...

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Technical proficiency among table tennis players with and without intellectual disabilities

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of intellectual impairment (II) on basketball players´ capacity to solve a game situation: towards evidence-based classification systems in II-basketball

Influence of intellectual impairment (II) on basketball players´ capacity to solve a game situation: towards evidence-based classification systems in II-basketball

Pacing Profiles in Competitive Track Races: Regulation of Exercise Intensity Is Related to Cognitive Ability

The impact of intellectual disabilities on elite sports performance

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