Technical Performance of a Hybrid Thermo-Electrochemical System for High Pressure Hydrogen Compression

Corgnale, Claudio; Greenway, Scott; Motyka, Theodore; Sulic, Martin; Hardy, B.J.; Molten, Trent; Ludlow, Daryl

doi:10.1149/08010.0041ecst

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The points CH1 and CH2 in Figure 1 represent the inlet and outlet points of the cold utility fluid, respectively. Depending on the EHC membrane selection and on the MHC material choice, the system has the potential to achieve a complete EHC waste heat recovery without the need for external thermal power input [3].…”

Section: The Hybrid Hydrogen Compressor Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More information on the overall system and on the EHC stage characteristics, especially relative to the energy integration with the MHC stage, can be found elsewhere [3]. The attention of the work discussed in the current document was paid to the high-pressure thermal compression unit, examining the techno-economic performance of the MH systems.…”

Section: The Hybrid Hydrogen Compressor Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the main advantages of the proposed solution over competing approaches (e.g., a pure thermal compressor or pure electrochemical system) is the possibility of recovering the EHC waste heat to feed the thermal MH system during hydrogen desorption, as shown in Figure 1. This substantially increases the overall system efficiency [3]. The point HH1 identifies the inlet condition of the hot utility (i.e., from the EHC) heat transfer fluid, while the HH2 point represents the corresponding outlet condition, after hydrogen desorption in the MHC unit.…”

Section: The Hybrid Hydrogen Compressor Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogen flow rate is between 1 kg/h (for smaller scale applications) and 100 kg/h (for large-scale scenarios) based on the DOE targets [1]. With reference to Figure 1, the inlet hydrogen pressure (P H1 ) is equal to 100 bar, achieved at the exit of the electrochemical stage [3]. The MHC system operates with a compression ratio of 8.75, compressing the hydrogen up to 875 bar, as required by the DOE targets.…”

Section: Initial Downselected Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, available MHs for high-pressure hydrogen compression are Ti-based materials (Laves phase or AB 2 phase materials). Depending on the material formulation, MH compressors can achieve pressures on the order of 800-900 bar at temperatures on the order of 120-150 • C without any electric input [3,4]. Recent research and development work focused on the design of high-pressure MH-based compression systems, examining the technical performance of the proposed material heat exchanger coupled solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-Economic Analysis of High-Pressure Metal Hydride Compression Systems

Corgnale¹,

Sulic²

2018

Metals

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Traditional high-pressure mechanical compressors account for over half of the car station's cost, have insufficient reliability, and are not feasible for a large-scale fuel cell market. An alternative technology, employing a two-stage, hybrid system based on electrochemical and metal hydride compression technologies, represents an excellent alternative to conventional compressors. The high-pressure stage, operating at 100-875 bar, is based on a metal hydride thermal system. A techno-economic analysis of the metal hydride system is presented and discussed. A model of the metal hydride system was developed, integrating a lumped parameter mass and energy balance model with an economic model. A novel metal hydride heat exchanger configuration is also presented, based on minichannel heat transfer systems, allowing for effective high-pressure compression. Several metal hydrides were analyzed and screened, demonstrating that one selected material, namely (Ti 0.97 Zr 0.03 ) 1.1 Cr 1.6 Mn 0.4 , is likely the best candidate material to be employed for high-pressure compressors under the specific conditions. System efficiency and costs were assessed based on the properties of currently available materials at industrial levels. Results show that the system can reach pressures on the order of 875 bar with thermal power provided at approximately 150 • C. The system cost is comparable with the current mechanical compressors and can be reduced in several ways as discussed in the paper.

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Section: The Hybrid Hydrogen Compressor Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Hybrid Hydrogen Compressor Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Hybrid Hydrogen Compressor Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Downselected Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-Economic Analysis of High-Pressure Metal Hydride Compression Systems

Corgnale¹,

Sulic²

2018

Metals

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The synthesis of a Zirfon‐type porous separator with reduced gas crossover for alkaline electrolyzer

et al. 2019

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Summary The rapid expansion of renewable energy sources presents a great challenge to balance the electric grid due to their intermittent and volatile nature. The surplus energy generation cannot be used or sold so that it is curtailed in order to maintain the grid balance. The excess power can be converted into a gaseous energy carrier, hydrogen via power‐to‐gas technology. Alkaline water electrolysis can be operated in a dynamic mode using renewable energy sources on a large scale. However, the risk of gas crossover across a porous separator rapidly increases when the electrolyzer operates at a low partial load or at high pressure, leading to efficiency loss and a safety issue. The commercial porous separator Zirfon PERL, which is composed of 85 wt.% zirconia nanoparticles and 15 wt.% polysulfone, exhibits a satisfactory bubble point pressure performance of approximately 2.5 bar and ionic resistance of 0.3 Ω cm2. However, the Zirfon PERL separator exhibits a high hydrogen permeability value of 20 × 10−12 mol cm−1 bar−1 sec−1 due to its large average pore size of 130 nm, resulting in a limited dynamic range of the electrolyzer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a porous separator with reduced gas crossover. In this study, we synthesize a porous ZrO2/polysulfone composite separator by varying the amount of ZrO2 (75‐85 wt.%) via the film‐casting method. The 75 wt.% ZrO2/25 wt.% polysulfone composite separator, which contains a low amount of ZrO2, shows a high bubble point pressure of 3.8 bar, a low ionic resistance of 0.3 Ω cm2, and are reduced hydrogen permeability of 4.2 × 10−12 mol cm−1 bar−1 sec−1 compared with that of Zirfon PERL separator. The enhanced performance of this separator is attributed to the reduced average pore size of around 70 nm and high surface wettability with a contact angle of 75°. This result will help alkaline electrolyzer systems be operated as more controllable loads.

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Thermally driven hydrogen compression using metal hydrides

Lototskyy

Linkov

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Hydrogen compression is a major contributor to capital costs and maintenance hours in the infrastructure related to storage, distribution and end‐use of hydrogen. Conventionally used mechanical hydrogen compressors have a number of disadvantages including a complicated design, insufficient reliability, high operating costs, a probability of hydrogen leakage and hydrogen contamination. A promising alternative is a thermally driven metal hydride hydrogen compressor (MHHC) whose operation is based on the reversible interaction of hydride‐forming alloys with hydrogen gas. MHHCs have a number of advantages including practically unlimited (up to several kbars) discharge pressure, good scalability (from several normal litres to tens normal cubic metres of hydrogen per an hour), modular design, simplicity in service and operation, as well as high purity of the delivered hydrogen and a possibility to use low‐grade heat. MHHC does not contain moving parts that simplifies its design, increases reliability, and eliminates noise and vibration. This article overviews applied R&D activities related to the thermally driven hydrogen compression using metal hydrides. The focus is put on the interrelation between properties of metal hydride materials and their hydrogen compression performances, first of all, operating pressure ‐ temperature range, process productivity, and efficiency. Typical design features of the hydrogen compression systems and ways of their optimization are considered. A brief techno‐economic analysis of the MHHCs benchmarked against alternative hydrogen compression technologies (mechanical and electrochemical) is presented as well. Finally, promising application niches of the MHHCs are outlined.

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Technical Performance of a Hybrid Thermo-Electrochemical System for High Pressure Hydrogen Compression

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Techno-Economic Analysis of High-Pressure Metal Hydride Compression Systems

Techno-Economic Analysis of High-Pressure Metal Hydride Compression Systems

The synthesis of a Zirfon‐type porous separator with reduced gas crossover for alkaline electrolyzer

Thermally driven hydrogen compression using metal hydrides

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