Technical note: The two step procedure (TSP) for the determination of age at death of adult human remains in forensic cases

Baccino, É.; Sinfield, Laura; Colomb, S.; Baum, T.P.; Martrille, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.09.005

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The two-step procedure (TSP) is a formalised selective approach which advocates the use of the Suchey-Brooks pubic symphysis and Lamendin dentine translucency methods (Brooks and Suchey 1990;Lamendin et al 1992). Here, if the pubic symphysis (which performs best for younger individuals) is recorded as phases I, II or III, the age estimate is taken from just this element; however if scored as IV, V or VI, the dentine translucency method (which performs better on older individuals) is also applied (Baccino et al 2014). Gocha and colleagues (2015) found that using different auricular surface methods alongside the Suchey-Brooks (Brooks and Suchey 1990) pubic symphysis method provided the most accurate results; they recommended using age estimates from Osborne et al (2004) for individuals with a pubic symphysis in stages I to IV, but the Buckberry-Chamberlain (2002) auricular surface method for individuals with a Suchey-Brooks phase V or VI.…”

Section: Combining and Presenting Age Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The (mis)use of adult age estimates in osteology

Buckberry

2015

Annals of Human Biology

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Context: Adult age-at-death is presented in a number of different ways by anthropologists. Ordinal categories predominate in osteoarchaeology, but do not reflect individual variation in ageing, with too many adults being classified as 'middle adults'. In addition, mean ages (derived from reference samples) are overly-relied upon when developing and testing methods. In both cases, 'age mimicry' is not adequately accounted for.Objectives: To highlight the many inherent biases created when developing, testing and applying age-estimation methods without fully considering the impact of 'age mimicry' and individual variation.Methods: The paper draws on previously published research (Web of Science, Pub Med, Google Scholar) on age estimation methods and their use in anthropology.Results and Conclusions: There is a lack of consistency in the methods used to estimate age, and for the mode of combining them. Ordinal categories are frequently used in osteoarchaeology, whereas forensic anthropologists are more likely to produce case-specific age ranges. Mean ages reflect the age structure of reference samples, and should not be used to estimate age for individuals from populations with a different age-at-death structure. Individual-specific age ranges and/or probability densities should be used to report individual age. Further research should be undertaken on how to create unbiased, combined method age estimates. 2Age estimation of adults remains one of the most complex, yet essential, aspects of human skeletal analysis (Aykroyd et al. 1997;Bocquet-Appel and Masset 1982; Hoppa and Vaupel 2002a;Konigsberg and Frankenberg 1992;Milner et al. 2008). In a society ruled by numbers, we are eager to ascribe a specific age to skeletonised remains, either to facilitate the identification of unidentified remains in a forensic situation, or to better interpret the life, death and burial of archaeological humans. Yet many methods of age estimation, especially for adults but also for non-adults, are woefully inadequate at producing point age estimates. Over the last few decades, research into the development, refinement and testing of adult age-estimation methods has expanded, resulting in a plethora of techniques, and variants of techniques, available for application, with the aim of improving accuracy and precision.Age estimation in non-adults, where dental and skeletal maturation are employed to estimate chronological age, typically produces estimates that are both accurate and precise. Dental development in particular has been shown to be minimally affected by external factors such as disease or malnutrition (Elamin and Liversidge 2013) and thus less variation in age for a specific stage of development. Once skeletal maturity has been reached, age is typically estimated using degenerative changes of the skeleton, dental wear and (less frequently) microscopic analysis of bone and cementum. All of these, except tooth cementum annulations, have only a broad relationship with chronological age (Gauthier and Schutkowski 2013;Gro...

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Section: Combining and Presenting Age Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The (mis)use of adult age estimates in osteology

Buckberry

2015

Annals of Human Biology

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“…The selection of method in the two-step procedure (TSP) is determined by the state of the individual. Baccino et al (2014) suggested a combination of the pubic symphysis method devised by Brooks and Suchey (1990) and the dental method of Lamendin et al (1992), where the individuals falling within the first phases of Brooks and Suchey (1990) are assessed using the former and the individuals in the final phases with the latter. Multifactorial methods, on the other hand, take into account estimations from several methods at once in an attempt to gain a better overall accuracy (İşcan and Loth 1989;Meindl and Russell 1998).…”

Section: Microscopic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, neither approach has a firm statistical leg to stand on. In TSP, the leap from one method to another is unjustified mathematically, while the combination of several age estimation methods with different error structures is equally problematic (Holman et al 2002, 195;Baccino et al 2014). Additionally, neither can address the issue caused by fixed age ranges.…”

Section: Microscopic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

10. Expoloring Age - Transition Analysis as a Tool for Detecting the Elderly

Maaranen¹,

Buckberry²

2019

AmS-Skrifter

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The growth of gender archaeology has improved the inclusion of female and juvenile narratives in archaeological discourse, enabling us to better understand interactions between groups defined by both social and physiological differences. There has been a notable absence of elderly in research, however, that is not simply a question of attitudes but of methodological limitations. The emergence of biostatistics has offered novel ways to combat common issues such as age mimicry and avoid the problematic nature of culturally loaded descriptive terminology. A test performed on Transition Analysis by Boldsen et al. (2002), generates individual age estimates, which allow for better differentiation between individuals and age groups, such as the ‘45+ older adults’. Further research into biostatistical methods will not only improve objectivity but bring much-needed attention to the elderly, including their narrative into the investigation of family dynamics and adult-juvenile interactions.

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“…Age is the most difficult but also the most informative indicator in determining the biological profile. Many techniques have been described to determine the age‐at‐death using teeth , bones, such as pubic symphisis , or both , as well as ribs . Age‐at‐death estimation techniques tend to be less reliable for people beyond the age of 65.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIFE BEYOND LIFE– An Easy Way to Derive Lung Fibroblasts from Cadavers

Colomb

Bareil

Baccino

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Several protocols have illustrated the possibility of deriving cells, such as fibroblasts, from different organs. These techniques generally concern organs sampled from living persons, but have already been described for cadavers, especially concerning the skin and tendons. We present, for the first time, an easy way to derive pulmonary fibroblasts from a lung tissue sampled from a cadaver and directly culture plated. The fibroblast output was checked daily. We obtained lung fibroblasts from 3 (60%) cadavers and 2 (100%) living persons. The fibroblast output took about 3 days for cells from living persons and took up to 39 days for those from cadavers. We did not clearly identify any parameters that could explain these differences. Nevertheless, these derived cells had the same features as the source cells, especially in terms of morphology and proliferation, and could potentially be used in different research domains such as forensic or regeneration medicine.

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Technical note: The two step procedure (TSP) for the determination of age at death of adult human remains in forensic cases

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

The (mis)use of adult age estimates in osteology

The (mis)use of adult age estimates in osteology

10. Expoloring Age - Transition Analysis as a Tool for Detecting the Elderly

LIFE BEYOND LIFE– An Easy Way to Derive Lung Fibroblasts from Cadavers

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