Technical Note: Measurement of the tropical UTLS composition in presence of clouds using millimetre-wave heterodyne spectroscopy

Dinelli, B. M.; Castelli, Elisa; Carli, B.; Bianco, Samuele Del; Gai, Marco; Santurri, Leonardo; Moyna, B.; Oldfield, M.; Siddans, Richard; Gerber, D.; Reburn, W. J.; Kerridge, B. J.; Keim, C.

doi:10.5194/acp-9-1191-2009

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The OE approach permits the application of external constraints to the inversion and is particularly helpful in the retrieval of very weak species. Moreover, OE enables the quality of the retrieved profiles to be monitored using the individual information gain quantifier described in Dinelli et al (2009). This quantifier allows data to be filtered out for which the information extracted from the measurements is below a predefined threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosgene in the UTLS: seasonal and latitudinal variations from MIPAS observations

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is a Fourier transform spectrometer that measured mid-infrared atmospheric limb emission spectra from July 2002 to April 2012 on board the polarorbiting satellite ENVISAT. We have used MIPAS data to study the latitudinal variations of phosgene (COCl 2 or carbonyl chloride) and, for the first time, its seasonal variation in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region (UTLS). Retrievals of phosgene were made using the 830-860 cm −1 region, corresponding to the ν 5 bands of COCl 2 . Unfortunately, in that region, the ν 4 band of CFC-11, which is much stronger than COCl 2 ν 5 , hides the phosgene emission. In order to evaluate seasonality and latitudinal distribution of phosgene we have analysed all the measurements made by MIPAS on days 18 and 20 of each month of 2008 with the optimized retrieval model (ORM) recently upgraded with the multi-target retrieval technique and with the optimal estimation functionality to apply external constraints to the state vector. Average seasonal profiles of phosgene show an evident latitudinal variability with the largest values observed in the tropical regions (maximum ≈ 35 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) at about 300 hPa). In the midlatitude and polar regions, the volume mixing ratio (VMR) values do not exceed 30 pptv and the vertical distributions are less peaked. Our analysis highlights that COCl 2 seasonal variability is fairly low, apart from the polar regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosgene in the UTLS: seasonal and latitudinal variations from MIPAS observations

et al. 2016

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“…A detailed description of the main features of the code is provided in Carli et al (2007) and more details on the parametrization of the atmosphere, on the atmospheric line shape, as well as on the spectroscopic models implemented into MARC can be found in Bianchini et al (2008). A description of its use for the analysis of real data can be found in Dinelli et al (2009).…”

Section: Inversion Of Marschals Limb Radiancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnostic quantities are the reduced χ 2 , the gain of information (GI) and the degrees of freedom (DOFs) (Rodgers, 2000). These quantifiers have already been discussed in Castelli et al (2013), Dinelli et al (2009), andCarli et al (2007).…”

Section: Inversion Of Marschals Limb Radiancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Synergistic exploitation of redundant and complementary information from independent observations of the same target remains a major issue in atmospheric remote sounding and increasing attention is devoted to investigate optimized or innovative methods for the combination of two or more measured data sets. This paper focuses on the synergy between middle infrared and millimeterwave limb sounding measurements of atmospheric composition and temperature and reports the results of a study conducted as part of the preparatory activities of the PRE-MIER (Process Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimeter-wave Emitted Radiation) mission candidate to the Core Missions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Explorer 7. The activity was based on data acquired by the MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding -STRatospheric aircraft) and MARSCHALS (Millimetre-wave Airborne Receivers for Spectroscopic CHaracterisation in Atmospheric Limb Sounding) instruments on-board the high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica during the flight of the PremierEx (PREMIER Experiment) campaign on 10 March 2010 from Kiruna, Sweden, for observation of the Arctic upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The cloud coverage observed along the flight provided representative test cases to evaluate the synergy in three different scenarios: low clouds in the first part, no clouds in the central part and high tropospheric clouds at the end. The calculation of synergistic profiles of four atmospheric targets (i.e., O 3 , HNO 3 , H 2 O and temperature) was performed using a posteriori combination of individual retrieved profiles, i.e., Level 2 (L2) data rather than simultaneous inversion of observed radiances, i.e., Level 1 (L1) data. An innovative method of data fusion, based on the Measurement Space Solution (MSS) was applied along with the standard approach of inversion of MARSCHALS spectral radiances using MIPAS-STR retrieval products as a priori information (L1 + L2 method). A quantitative estimate and cross-check of the results of MSS data fusion and (L1 + L2) method was achieved based on a specific set of quantifiers including the total retrieval error, the number of degrees of freedom, the relative information distribution and the synergy factor.

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“…MARSCHALS is designed to sample the atmosphere using a limb-viewing geometry from a stratospheric balloon or aircraft. It has already been deployed from the M-55 Geophysica high altitude aircraft during the SCOUT-O3 campaign in 2005 (Dinelli et al, 2009).…”

Section: E Castelli Et Al: Measurement Of the Arctic Utls Compositimentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Arctic UTLS composition in presence of clouds using millimetre-wave heterodyne spectroscopy

et al. 2013

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Abstract. MARSCHALS (Millimetre-wave Airborne Receivers for Spectroscopic CHaracterisation in AtmosphericLimb Sounding) is a limb viewing instrument working in the millimetre and sub-millimetre spectral regions (from 294 to 349 GHz). The scientific rationale of MARSCHALS is the study of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere region. In March 2010 MARSCHALS was deployed on-board the M-55 Geophysica stratospheric aircraft during the PRE-MIER(PRocess Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimetre-wave Emitted Radiation)-Ex field campaign. From the campaign base at Kiruna, Sweden, a research flight to investigate the Arctic atmosphere was conducted. For the first time the instrument fully exploited the three spectral bands. In this paper, we present results of the analysis of MARSCHALS measurements acquired during the PREMIER-Ex flight as processed by the Millimetre-wave Atmospheric Retrieval Code. For the second time after the SCOUT-O3 flight in 2005, MARSCHALS measured vertical distributions of temperature, water vapour, ozone and nitric acid over an altitude range of 4 to 24 km. In addition, vertical profiles of carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide were obtained for the first time. The measurements were performed in clear sky conditions and in presence of low and high altitude clouds (that were able to obscure measurements in the middle infrared spectroscopic region) and some information about thick clouds were extracted from the data. The capabilities to derive information on upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric vertical profiles of temperature and minor constituents from millimetre-wave limb sounding observations in the northern polar region are presented and discussed for each of the individual targets. The results of MARSCHALS data analysis contributed to demonstrate the scientific relevance and technical feasibility of millimetre-wave limbsounding of the UTLS proposed for the ESA Earth Explorer 7 candidate Core Mission PREMIER. PREMIER was not selected at the end of the Earth Explorer 7 evaluation process, but it is still being considered for future launch opportunities.

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Technical Note: Measurement of the tropical UTLS composition in presence of clouds using millimetre-wave heterodyne spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Phosgene in the UTLS: seasonal and latitudinal variations from MIPAS observations

Phosgene in the UTLS: seasonal and latitudinal variations from MIPAS observations

Synergy between middle infrared and millimeter-wave limb sounding of atmospheric temperature and minor constituents

Measurement of the Arctic UTLS composition in presence of clouds using millimetre-wave heterodyne spectroscopy

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