“…Therefore, patient-specific QA is often performed on individual pre-treatment or online adapted fractions instead of the total series of online adaptive fractions [5] . Deformable image registration (DIR) has been used to accumulate the dose of online adapted plans using dose warping [10] , [11] , [12] , however this approach introduces an uncertainty in the accumulated dose and difficulties verifying correctness of DIR [13] , [14] , [15] .…”