Technical Note: GATE‐RTion: a GATE/Geant4 release for clinical applications in scanned ion beam therapy

Grevillot, L.; Boersma, D. J.; Fuchs, H.; Aitkenhead, A.; Elia, Alessio; Bolsa, M; Winterhalter, Carla; Vidal, M.; Jan, S; Pietrzyk, U.; Maigne, Lydia; Sarrut, David

doi:10.1002/mp.14242

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…GATE-RTion v1.0 has been used for proton-and carbon ion-independent dose calculation and proton radiography. 24 This work extends the application area of GATE-RTion to reference and relative dosimetry in light ion beam therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The physics-builders for protons and carbon ions were selected according to recommendations from Ref. [24]. The physics list Quark Gluon string with Precompound and Binary Cascade (QGSP_BIC) together with the electromagnetic option 4 (EMZ) was chosen for the proton simulations.…”

Section: A1 Gate/geant4 Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, s w,det is obtained as the ratio of converted energy per unit mass (CEMA) to water and CEMA to detector material for the same fluence as collected in GATE. The GATE‐RTion v.1.0 platform, 24 whose capabilities for clinical use in light ion beam therapy have been demonstrated in the context of proton radiography 24 and independent dose calculation, 24,25 was used. This method was first validated by comparing s w,air results for single‐energy proton and carbon ion beams with data from the literature 6,7,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo computation of 3D distributions of stopping power ratios in light ion beam therapy using GATE‐RTion

2021

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This paper presents a novel method for the calculation of three-dimensional (3D) Bragg-Gray water-to-detector stopping power ratio (s w,det ) distributions for proton and carbon ion beams. Methods: Contrary to previously published fluence-based calculations of the stopping power ratio, the s w,det calculation method used in this work is based on the specific way GATE/Geant4 scores the energy deposition. It only requires the use of the so-called DoseActor, as available in GATE, for the calculation of the s w,det at any point of a 3D dose distribution. The simulations are performed using GATE-RTion v1.0, a dedicated GATE release that was validated for the clinical use in light ion beam therapy. Results: The Bragg-Gray water-to-air stopping power ratio (s w,air ) was calculated for monoenergetic proton and carbon ion beams with the default stopping power data in GATE-RTion v1.0 and the new ICRU90 recommendation. The s w,air differences between the use of the default and the ICRU90 configuration were 0.6% and 5.4% at the physical range (R 80 -80% dose level in the distal dose falloff) for a 70 MeV proton beam and a 120 MeV/u carbon ion beam, respectively. For protons, the s w, det results for lithium fluoride, silicon, gadolinium oxysulfide, and the active layer material of EBT2 (radiochromic film) were compared with the literature and a reasonable agreement was found. For a real patient treatment plan, the 3D distributions of s w,det in proton beams were calculated. Conclusions: Our method was validated by comparison with available literature data. Its equivalence with Bragg-Gray cavity theory was demonstrated mathematically. The capability of GATE-RTion v1.0 for the s w,det calculation at any point of a 3D dose distribution for simple and complex proton and carbon ion plans was presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: A1 Gate/geant4 Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo computation of 3D distributions of stopping power ratios in light ion beam therapy using GATE‐RTion

2021

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“…This system performs all its MC calculations using GATE v.8.1/ Geant4 v.10.3.3 2 . These are the same versions included in GATE‐RTion v.1.0, 12 and in keeping with the goals of GATE‐RTion, this work aims to provide recommendations in terms of simulation parameters to adopt for proton pencil beam scanning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geant4 based Architecture for Medicine Oriented Simulation (GAMOS), 7 TOol for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS) 8 and Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) [9][10][11] provide user-friendly interfaces to Geant4. This research takes place within a recent initiative called GATE-RTion, 12 which is aimed at providing a validated long-term application, based on a GATE and Geant4 version, along with associated software tools for clinical dosimetric implementation to facilitate collaborations between hadron therapy institutes. Current collaborators include the Centre Antoine Lacassagne (Nice, France), the Christie NHS Foundation Trust (Manchester, UK) and MedAustron (Wiener Neustadt, Austria).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of GATE‐RTion (GATE/Geant4) Monte Carlo simulation settings for proton pencil beam scanning quality assurance

et al. 2020

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Geant4 is a multipurpose Monte Carlo simulation tool for modeling particle transport in matter. It provides a wide range of settings, which the user may optimize for their specific application. This study investigates GATE/Geant4 parameter settings for proton pencil beam scanning therapy. Methods: GATE8.1/Geant4.10.3.p03 (matching the versions used in GATE-RTion1.0) simulations were performed with a set of prebuilt Geant4 physics lists (QGSP_BIC, QGSP_BIC_EMY, QGSP_BIC_EMZ, QGSP_BIC_HP_EMZ), using 0.1mm-10mm as production cuts on secondary particles (electrons, photons, positrons) and varying the maximum step size of protons (0.1mm, 1mm, none). The results of the simulations were compared to measurement data taken during clinical patient specific quality assurance at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust pencil beam scanning proton therapy facility. Additionally, the influence of simulation settings was quantified in a realistic patient anatomy based on computer tomography (CT) scans. Results: When comparing the different physics lists, only the results (ranges in water) obtained with QGSP_BIC (G4EMStandardPhysics_Option0) depend on the maximum step size. There is clinically negligible difference in the target region when using High Precision neutron models (HP) for dose calculations. The EMZ electromagnetic constructor provides a closer agreement (within 0.35 mm) to

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Technical note: Impact of beamline‐specific particle energy spectra on clinical plans in carbon ion beam therapy

et al. 2022

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Purpose: The Local Effect Model version one (LEM I) is applied clinically acrossEurope to quantify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon ion beams. It requires the full particle fluence spectrum differential in energy in each voxel as input parameter. Treatment planning systems (TPSs) use beamlinespecific look-up tables generated with Monte Carlo (MC) codes. In this study, the changes in RBE weighted dose were quantified using different levels of details in the simulation or different MC codes. Methods: The particle fluence differential in energy was simulated with FLUKA and Geant4 at 500 depths in water in 1-mm steps for 58 initial carbon ion energies (between 120.0 and 402.8 MeV/u). A dedicated beam model was applied, including the full description of the Nozzle using GATE-RTionV1.0 (Geant4.10.03p03). In addition, two tables generated with FLUKA were compared. The starting points of the FLUKA simulations were phase space (PhS) files from, firstly, the Geant4 nozzle simulations, and secondly, a clinical beam model where an analytic approach was used to mimic the beamline. Treatment plans (TPs) were generated with RayStation 8B (RaySearch Laboratories AB, Sweden) for cubic targets in water and 10 clinical patient cases using the clinical beam model. Subsequently, the RBE weighted dose was re-computed using the two other fluence tables (FLUKA PhS or Geant4). Results: The fluence spectra of the primary and secondary particles simulated with Geant4 and FLUKA generally agreed well for the primary particles. Differences were mainly observed for the secondary particles. Interchanging the two energy spectra (FLUKA vs. GEANT4) to calculate the RBE weighted dose distributions resulted in average deviations of less than 1% in the entrance up to the end of the target region, with a maximum local deviation at the distal edge of the target. In the fragment tail, larger discrepancies of up to 5% on average were found for deep-seated targets. The patient and water phantom cases demonstrated similar results. Conclusion: RBE weighted doses agreed well within all tested setups, confirming the clinical beam model provided by the TPS vendor. Furthermore, the results showed that the open source and generally available MC code Geant4This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Technical Note: GATE‐RTion: a GATE/Geant4 release for clinical applications in scanned ion beam therapy

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Monte Carlo computation of 3D distributions of stopping power ratios in light ion beam therapy using GATE‐RTion

Monte Carlo computation of 3D distributions of stopping power ratios in light ion beam therapy using GATE‐RTion

Evaluation of GATE‐RTion (GATE/Geant4) Monte Carlo simulation settings for proton pencil beam scanning quality assurance

Technical note: Impact of beamline‐specific particle energy spectra on clinical plans in carbon ion beam therapy

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