Technical note: Facilitating the use of low-cost methane (CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) sensors in flux chambers – calibration, data processing, and an open-source make-it-yourself logger

Bastviken, David; Nygren, Jonatan; Schenk, Jonathan; Massana, Roser Parellada; Duc, Nguyen Thanh

doi:10.5194/bg-17-3659-2020

Cited by 44 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Further, meaningful ecological studies will need multiple culturing systems with separate filtering and methane sensing systems for replicated measurements and factorial experiments. Due to the relatively low costs of methane sensing equipment, this seems a realistic option for the near future (Bastviken et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term culture system for deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi

Hiebenthal

Gehlert

Schmidt

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The simulation of deep-sea conditions in laboratories is technically challenging but necessary for experiments that aim at a deeper understanding of physiological mechanisms or host-symbiont interactions of deep-sea organisms. In a proof-of-concept study, we designed a recirculating system for long-term culture (>2 years) of deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi (previously Bathymodiolus childressi). Mussels were automatically (and safely) supplied with a maximum stable level of ~60 µM methane in seawater using a novel methane-air mixing system. Experimental animals also received daily doses of live microalgae. Condition indices of cultured G. childressi remained high over years, and low shell thickness growth could be detected, which is indicative of positive energy budgets. Using stable isotope data, we demonstrate that G. childressi in our culture system gained energy, both, from digestion of methane oxidizing endosymbionts and from digesting particulate food (microalgae). Limitations of the system, as well as opportunities for future experimental approaches involving deep-sea mussels are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term culture system for deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi

Hiebenthal

Gehlert

Schmidt

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Efforts to increase both spatial and temporal resolution of CH 4 diffusive flux measurements to evaluate the diverse environmental conditions characterizing wetland landscapes are to be considered. Promising opportunities are offered by integrating traditional CH 4 diffusive flux measurements with the deployment of low-cost CH 4 sensors in flux chambers [89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Methane Emission Drivers in Wetlands: The Cases of Massaciuccoli and Porta Lakes (Northern Tuscany, Italy)

et al. 2021

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Wetlands are hotspots of CH4 emissions to the atmosphere, mainly sustained by microbial decomposition of organic matter in anoxic sediments. Several knowledge gaps exist on how environmental drivers shape CH4 emissions from these ecosystems, posing challenges in upscaling efforts to estimate global emissions from waterbodies. In this work, CH4 and CO2 diffusive fluxes, along with chemical and isotopic composition of dissolved ionic and gaseous species, were determined from two wetlands of Tuscany (Italy): (i) Porta Lake, a small wetland largely invaded by Phragmites australis reeds experiencing reed die-back syndrome, and (ii) Massaciuccoli Lake, a wide marsh area including open-water basins and channels affected by seawater intrusion and eutrophication. Both wetlands were recognized as net sources of CH4 to the atmosphere. Our data show that the magnitude of CH4 diffusive emission was controlled by CH4 production and consumption rates, being mostly governed by (i) water temperature and availability of labile carbon substrates and (ii) water column depth, wind exposure and dissolved O2 contents, respectively. This evidence suggests that the highest CH4 diffusive fluxes were sustained by reed beds, providing a large availability of organic matter supporting acetoclastic methanogenesis, with relevant implications for global carbon budget and future climate models.

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“…The suitability of low-cost CH 4 sensors for such systems are under evaluation [e.g. 58,59]. The rapid general development of Internet of things, automation, and artificial intelligence, is generating synergies and provides communication infrastructure for GHG sensor networks.…”

Section: Ongoing Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical method needs in measuring greenhouse gas fluxes

Bastviken

Wilk

Duc

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Reaching climate goals depends on appropriate and accurate methods to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and to verify that efforts to mitigate GHG emissions are effective. We here highlight critical advantages, limitations, and needs regarding GHG flux measurement methods, identified from an analysis of >13500 scientific publications regarding three long-lived GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). While existing methods are well-suited for assessing atmospheric changes and local fluxes, they are expensive and have limited accessibility. Further, we are typically forced to choose between methods for very local GHG sources and sinks and their regulation (m2-scaled measurements), or methods for aggregated net fluxes at > ha or km2 scales measurements. The results highlight the key need of accessible and affordable GHG flux measurement methods for the many flux types not quantifiable from fossil fuel use, to better verify inventories and mitigation efforts for transparency and accountability under the Paris agreement. The situation also calls for novel methods, capable of quantifying large scale GHG flux patterns while simultaneously distinguishing local source and sink dynamics and reveal flux regulation, representing key knowledge for quantitative GHG flux modeling. Possible strategies to address the identified GHG flux measurement method needs are discussed. The analysis also generated indications of how GHG flux measurements have been distributed geographically and across flux types, which are reported.

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Technical note: Facilitating the use of low-cost methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) sensors in flux chambers – calibration, data processing, and an open-source make-it-yourself logger

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Long-term culture system for deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi

Long-term culture system for deep-sea mussels Gigantidas childressi

Exploring Methane Emission Drivers in Wetlands: The Cases of Massaciuccoli and Porta Lakes (Northern Tuscany, Italy)

Critical method needs in measuring greenhouse gas fluxes

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