Technical note

Crystal-field hamiltonian and spin–orbit interaction for d2 and d8 ions at low C3 symmetry sites: V3+:Al2O3 and Ni2+:LiNbO3

“…The Ni 2+ ions are surrounded by six oxygen atoms with a slight tetragonal distortion from octahedral symmetry. Previous studies of V 3+ :Al 2 O 3 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and of Ni 2+ :LiNbO 3 [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] were based on the approximated C 3v or O h rather than that of the actual C 3 symmetry. Such approximations may not provide a reliable insight into the energy-level structure for V 3+ electronic structure of 3d N ions at arbitrary symmetry sites in crystals, including 3d 2 and 3d 8 ions at trigonal C 3 symmetry sites, an extended crystal-field (CF) analysis computer package has been developed [25,26].…”

“…One way to achieve tunable laser oscillation is by using transition metal and rareearth ions as laser active ions in crystals [1][2][3][4]. Since V 3+ :Al 2 O 3 crystal is technologically a important material, a great deal of theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The vanadium ion V 3+ (3d 2 ) readily substitutes for an aluminium ion A1 3+ in A1 2 O 3 [13].…”

Spin-Spin and Spin-Other-Orbit Interactions of Spin-Hamiltonian Parameters for 3d2(8)Ions in Al2O3Crystals

“…In past decades, a large number of theoretical and experimental investigations have been reported on the EMR spectra and spin-Hamiltonian parameters of iron group ions in Al 2 O 3 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In Al 2 O 3 host crystal, Al 3+ is located at octahedral trigonal symmetry site surrounded by six O 2− ions.…”

“…When transition metal (TM) ions are doped into Al 2 O 3 crystal for replacing Al 3+ ions, impurity defect centers are created. The spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters, including the zero field splitting (ZFS) parameter D and g factors (g , g ⊥ ), have been determined for V 3+ and Cr 4+ (3d 2 ) ions in Al 2 O 3 crystals in [8,14,15], whereas for Ni 2+ and Cu 3+ (3d 8 ) ions in [3,17]. The SH parameters of Ni 2+ and Cu 3+ ions in Al 2 O 3 crystals were explained theoretically based on the spin-orbit (SO) mechanism in [1,2].…”

Crystalline field parameters of Cr2+ and Cr4+ in corundum

“…From these results the variation of the parameters is obtained as a function of the electronic charge within the electronic series and the optical parameter values of the Cr4(3d2) and Cr2+(3d4) [1,2] and APR [3] experiments. Using EPR we have recently made an experimental study of the ground state including the hyperfine structure (isotope 53) and the influence of an applied electric field [4]. The [5], McClure [6] and discussed by Macfarlane [7], Rahman and Runciman [8].…”