Technical note: A pilot study using a mouse mastitis model to study differences between bovine associated coagulase-negative staphylococci

Breyne, Koen; Vliegher, Sarne De; Visscher, Alex De; Piepers, Sofie; Meyer, Evelyne

doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8699

Cited by 25 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The suspensions rested overnight at −20°C, were centrifuged at 12,250 × g for 1 h, and finally the supernatant was centrifuged for another 30 min to obtain a clear pellet. Protein concentration of the lysate samples was determined as previously described (46). Cytokine quantification (ProcartaPlex from eBioscience), LCN2 (Biotechne, USA), and CHI3L1 ELISA (Biotechne, USA) on the mammary gland lysates were all performed according to company guidelines or previously reported (47).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconditioning with Lipopolysaccharide or Lipoteichoic Acid Protects against Staphylococcus aureus Mammary Infection in Mice

et al. 2017

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most causative agents of mastitis and is associated with chronic udder infections. The persistency of the pathogen is believed to be the result of an insufficient triggering of local inflammatory signaling. In this study, the preclinical mastitis model was used, aiming to evaluate if lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) preconditioning could aid the host in more effectively clearing or at least limiting a subsequent S. aureus infection. A prototypic Gram-negative virulence factor, i.e., LPS and Gram-positive virulence factor, i.e., LTA were screened whether they were able to boost the local immune compartment. Compared to S. aureus-induced inflammation, both toxins had a remarkable high potency to efficiently induce two novel selected innate immunity biomarkers i.e., lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1). When combining mammary inoculation of LPS or LTA prior to a local S. aureus infection, we were able to modulate the innate immune response, reduce local bacterial loads, and induce either LCN2 or CHI3L1 at 24 h post-infection. Clodronate depletion of mammary macrophages also identified that macrophages contribute only to a limited extend to the LPS/LTA-induced immunomodulation upon S. aureus infection. Based on histological neutrophil influx evaluation, concomitant local cytokine profiles and LCN2/CHI3L1 patterns, the macrophage-independent signaling plays a major role in the LPS- or LTA-pretreated S. aureus-infected mouse mammary gland. Our results highlight the importance of a vigilant microenvironment during the innate immune response of the mammary gland and offer novel insights for new approaches concerning effective immunomodulation against a local bacterial infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconditioning with Lipopolysaccharide or Lipoteichoic Acid Protects against Staphylococcus aureus Mammary Infection in Mice

et al. 2017

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“…we reported that S. chromogenes originating from a persistent IMI displays a better in vitro bacterial growth in conditions mimicking the mammary gland and in vivo bacterial growth in the mammary glands of mice and dairy cows, compared to S. chromogenes isolated from the teat apex [9,34,35]. Differences in inflammatory response in both mice and dairy cows between strains of the same species and growth inhibition of other major mastitis pathogens have been demonstrated as well [35,36], indicating it is relevant to subtype NAS in future research efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fecal non-aureus Staphylococci are a potential cause of bovine intramammary infection

Wuytack

Visscher²,

Piepers

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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The presence of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) in bovine rectal feces has recently been described. Similar to other mastitis causing pathogens, shedding of NAS in the environment could result in intramammary infection. The objective of this study was to investigate whether NAS strains present in feces can cause intramammary infection, likely via teat apex colonization. During a cross-sectional study in 5 dairy herds, samples were collected from the habitats quarter milk, teat apices, and rectal feces from 25%, 10%, and 25% of the lactating cows, respectively, with a cow serving as the source of one type of sample only. Samples from clinical mastitis cases were continuously collected during the 1-year study period as well. The 6 most prevalent NAS species, Staphylococcus (S.) chromogenes, S. cohnii, S. devriesei, S. equorum, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis, were further subtyped by random amplification of polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), when the same NAS species was present in the same herd in the three habitats. For S. chromogenes, S. cohnii, S. devriesei, and S. haemolyticus, the same RAPD type was found in rectal feces, teat apices, and quarter milk, indicating that fecal NAS can infect the mammary gland. For S. hominis and S. equorum, we were unable to confirm the presence of the same RAPD types in the three habitats.

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“…The S. chromogenes TA strain has the ability to inhibit the growth of several major pathogens under laboratory conditions (De Vliegher et al, 2004), whereas the S. chromogenes IM strain does not. The 2 strains also elicit a different immune response in mice (Breyne et al, 2015), and the TA strain is unable to grow in anaerobic iron-depleted medium unlike the IM strain (unpublished data). An inoculum of 1.0 × 10 6 cfu of each strain was prepared to induce an experimental infection.…”

Section: Cns Strainsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…All heifers were inoculated with 2 different wild strains of Staphylococcus chromogenes and 1 Staphylococcus fleurettii strain. The S. fleurettii isolate was recovered from sawdust bedding in a dairy barn (Piessens et al, 2011;Breyne et al, 2015). The first S. chromogenes strain originated from a cow suffering from a persistent IMI (hereafter referred to as S. chromogenes IM; Supré et al, 2011;Breyne et al, 2015), whereas the second S. chromogenes isolate was cultured from the teat apex of a heifer (hereafter referred to as S. chromogenes TA; De Vliegher et al, 2004;Breyne et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cns Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S. fleurettii isolate was recovered from sawdust bedding in a dairy barn (Piessens et al, 2011;Breyne et al, 2015). The first S. chromogenes strain originated from a cow suffering from a persistent IMI (hereafter referred to as S. chromogenes IM; Supré et al, 2011;Breyne et al, 2015), whereas the second S. chromogenes isolate was cultured from the teat apex of a heifer (hereafter referred to as S. chromogenes TA; De Vliegher et al, 2004;Breyne et al, 2015). The S. chromogenes TA strain has the ability to inhibit the growth of several major pathogens under laboratory conditions (De Vliegher et al, 2004), whereas the S. chromogenes IM strain does not.…”

Section: Cns Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Milk prolactin response and quarter milk yield after experimental infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci in dairy heifers

Piccart

Piepers

Verbeke

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most common bacteria involved in subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Remarkably, CNS-infected dairy heifers produce more milk than uninfected heifers. Because the lactation hormone prolactin (PRL) is also involved in mammary gland immunity, we investigated the milk PRL response and the mammary quarter milk yield following experimental CNS challenge. Eight healthy Holstein-Friesian heifers in mid-lactation were experimentally infected using a split-udder design with 3 different CNS strains: one Staphylococcus fleurettii (from sawdust bedding) and 2 Staphylococcus chromogenes strains (one isolate from a teat apex, the other isolate from a chronic intramammary infection). Three mammary quarters per heifer were simultaneously inoculated with 1.0×10(6) cfu, whereas the remaining mammary quarter was infused with sterile phosphate-buffered saline, serving as a control. An existing radioimmunoassay was modified, validated, and used to measure PRL frozen-thawed milk at various time points until 78h after challenge. The mean milk PRL level tended to be higher in the CNS-challenged mammary quarters compared with the control mammary quarters (7.56 and 6.85ng/mL, respectively). The increase in PRL over time was significantly greater in the CNS-challenged mammary quarters than in the control mammary quarters. However, no difference was found in the PRL response when comparing each individual CNS strain with the control mammary quarters. The mean mammary quarter milk yield tended to be lower in the CNS-infected mammary quarters than in the control mammary quarters (1.73 and 1.98kg per milking, respectively). The greatest milk loss occurred in the mammary quarters challenged with the intramammary strain of S. chromogenes. Future observational studies are needed to elucidate the relation between PRL, the milk yield, and the inflammatory condition, or infection status, of the mammary gland.

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Technical note: A pilot study using a mouse mastitis model to study differences between bovine associated coagulase-negative staphylococci

Abstract: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are a group of bacteria classified as either minor mastitis pathogens or commensal microbiota. Recent research suggests species-and even strain-related epidemiological and genetic differences within the large CNS group.

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Preconditioning with Lipopolysaccharide or Lipoteichoic Acid Protects against Staphylococcus aureus Mammary Infection in Mice

Preconditioning with Lipopolysaccharide or Lipoteichoic Acid Protects against Staphylococcus aureus Mammary Infection in Mice

Fecal non-aureus Staphylococci are a potential cause of bovine intramammary infection

Milk prolactin response and quarter milk yield after experimental infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci in dairy heifers

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