Technical Foundations of Neurofeedback

The Use of Biofeedback in College Counseling

“…College counselors use neurofeedback, also known as neurotherapy and EEG biofeedback , to monitor, measure, and provide feedback of electrical activity found in the brain (Collura, 2014). During neurofeedback, college counselors place external electrodes on students’ scalps to gather physiological data about their brains and to provide feedback to the students, allowing them to achieve a desired brain activity pattern.…”

“…College counselors should attach the noninvasive electrodes to the scalp using conductance paste, which heightens the clarity of the brain's electrical activity. Electrodes are placed in one or all areas of the scalp using individual electrodes or a full‐cap placement system (Collura, 2014).…”

“…College counselors use quantitative EEG, or brain mapping, to record baseline brain wave patterns and to assess activity in specific locations. Quantitative EEG is a full‐cap EEG system with embedded electrodes that gathers physiological data from all areas of the brain (Collura, 2014). To capture natural patterns of brain wave activity during various tasks, college counselors measure baseline brain wave activity with eyes open and eyes closed.…”

“…Today, neurofeedback remains a noninvasive technique that is efficacious for mental health conditions and is advantageous compared with medication because neurofeedback produces similar outcomes with few or no side effects (Collura, 2014). The disadvantages to neurofeedback include the complex montages (i.e., the placement of the electrodes), the longer preparation time needed due to the use of conductive paste, and cost (generally, neurofeedback is the most expensive modality, especially if the college counselor purchases a quantitative EEG device).…”

Bio/neurofeedback

“…Frec uenci a R e la ja c ió n c o n c e n tr a c ió n Figura 3. Modelo de la activación cíclica de concentración/desactivación de las distintas partes del cerebro propuesto por Collura (2014).…”