Technical Evaluation of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters Used in a Micro-Grid by Considering the Fault Characteristics of Distributed Generation, Energy Storage and Power Loads

Chen, Lei; Tu, Xiude; Chen, Hongkun; Yang, Jun; Wu, Yayi; Shu, Xiaojian; Ren, Li

doi:10.3390/en9100769

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In the normal state, the resistance of the HTSC element is zero. Therefore, T-SFCL has an advantage in that it does not affect such as system loss [20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Proposed Solution To Limit Fault Current and Enhance Lvrt Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of a Low-Voltage Direct Current System Using T-SFCL to Enhance Low Voltage Ride through Capability

et al. 2022

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Owing to the increasing penetration level of distributed energy resources (DER) and direct current (DC) load, the usage of low-voltage direct current (LVDC) systems has expanded to achieve efficient operations. However, because the LVDC system reaches the peak fault current at a faster rate than the alternating current (AC) system, a solution that protects the system components is necessary to maintain system integrity. It is required by the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) that the DERs maintain their interconnections with the LVDC system and support fault recovery. In this study, a method is proposed to allow the application of the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) to reduce the fault current and enhance the LVRT capability. However, when the DER maintain a connection to support fault recovery, the conventional resistive-type SFCL must withstand the burden of high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) operation during fault state dependence on LVRT. Therefore, this study proposes a trigger-type SFCL to reduce the burden of the HTSC element and enhance the LVRT capability. The voltage sag related to the LVRT was improved owing to the SFCL. The proposed solution was confirmed using PSCAD/EMTDC, which is a commercial software.

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“…In the normal state, the resistance of the HTSC element is zero. Therefore, T-SFCL has an advantage in that it does not affect such as system loss [20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Proposed Solution To Limit Fault Current and Enhance Lvrt Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of a Low-Voltage Direct Current System Using T-SFCL to Enhance Low Voltage Ride through Capability

et al. 2022

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“…As for cost comparison, since the topology and principle of FCLs are different, the FCLs are compared under the same capacity level to evaluate the economic feature of them. According to the [90], [98]- [100], the materials can be compared and the total cost of FCLs are based on the materials that used to build different structures. The price of the main materials and devices are listed in Table 3, while the estimated price of three types of FCLs are evaluated in Table 4.…”

Section: Performance Comparison and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductive Fault Current Limiters in VSC-HVDC Systems: A Review

et al. 2020

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Fast emerging fault current levels in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems has always been a significant obstacle to building a safer and more reliable grid. Inductive fault current limiters (FCLs), compared with its resistive counterpart, are very effective in restricting the fault rising speed that causes major damage during the whole fault process. In this study, a comprehensive review of the methods used for building inductive type FCLs in HVDC systems is presented. The fault current characteristics of the modern HVDC system is discussed to obtain the basic requirements for the FCL. On the basis of different technological domains, various inductive-type FCL topologies and devices are well categorized and analyzed. After the overall discussion and comparison, representative works, as well as new progress and future prospects, are conveyed in detail. One may find the content of this study helpful as a detailed literature review or a practical technical guidance of this field.

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“…To overcome the limitations of the DCCB, it has been recently proposed to connect a fault current limiter (FCL) in series to reduce the level of fault currents. A superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) shows zero electrical resistance and high current density under normal operation, whereas a high resistance and low current density under fault conditions can aid the operation of a circuit breaker [17,18].…”

Section: Motivation For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate Protection Scheme for DC Grid Based on the Half Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter System

et al. 2019

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The half bridge (HB) modular multilevel converter (MMC) technology is considered a breakthrough to mitigate the shortcomings of the conventional voltage source converter (VSC) in high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grid application. However, interruption of the DC fault is still a challenge due to fast di/dt and extremely high levels of DC fault current. The fault interruption using a DC circuit breaker (DCCB) causes enormous energy dissipation and voltage stress across the DCCB. Therefore, the use of a fault current limiter is essential, and the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is the most promising choice. Past literature has focused on the operating characteristics of DCCB or limiting characteristics of the SFCL. However, there is little understanding about the fault interruption and system recovery characteristics considering both DCCB and SFCL. In this paper, we have presented a comparative study on fault interruption and system recovery characteristics considering three types of fault limiting devices in combination with circuit breaker. The transient analyses of AC and DC system have been performed, to suggest the most preferable protection scheme. It has been concluded that, amongst the three fault limiting devices, the Hybrid SFCL in combination with circuit breaker, delivers the most desirable performance in terms of interruption time, recovery time, energy dissipation and voltage transients.

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Technical Evaluation of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters Used in a Micro-Grid by Considering the Fault Characteristics of Distributed Generation, Energy Storage and Power Loads

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Simulation of a Low-Voltage Direct Current System Using T-SFCL to Enhance Low Voltage Ride through Capability

Simulation of a Low-Voltage Direct Current System Using T-SFCL to Enhance Low Voltage Ride through Capability

Inductive Fault Current Limiters in VSC-HVDC Systems: A Review

Appropriate Protection Scheme for DC Grid Based on the Half Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter System

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