Technical Appendix

Abstract

As detailed in Marshall et al. (Quinn Marshall, Jessica Fanzo, Christopher B. Barrett, Andrew D. Jones, Anna Herforth, and Rebecca McLaren, “Building a global food systems typology: A new tool for reducing complexity in food systems analysis,” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 5 (November 2021): 746512), the food systemstypologies we and the Food Systems Dashboard use were developed using a method that began with a structured scoping review of the existing food systems literature.

Gender, rainfall endowment, and farmers’ heterogeneity in wheat trait preferences in Ethiopia

“…Initiatives related to the development of seed systems of cereal crops primarily concentrate on the technical aspects of developing seed traits. However, they often overlook the social dynamics and demand-side factors within the seed system ( Badstue et al, 2022 , Barrett et al, 2022 , Voss et al, 2021 ). For instance, the Green Revolution period, typically from 1967 to 1978, successfully increased calorie supplies to the global population and also helped reduce food prices, increase anthropometric outcomes, decrease agricultural intensification in forest areas, and reduce infant mortality ( Barrett et al, 2022 , Evenson and Gollin, 2003 , Gollin et al, 2021 ).…”

“…However, they often overlook the social dynamics and demand-side factors within the seed system ( Badstue et al, 2022 , Barrett et al, 2022 , Voss et al, 2021 ). For instance, the Green Revolution period, typically from 1967 to 1978, successfully increased calorie supplies to the global population and also helped reduce food prices, increase anthropometric outcomes, decrease agricultural intensification in forest areas, and reduce infant mortality ( Barrett et al, 2022 , Evenson and Gollin, 2003 , Gollin et al, 2021 ). However, the focus on a few dominant cereals contributed to malnutrition, especially among rural farmers and urban consumers ( Pingali, 2012 , Welch and Graham, 2000 ).…”

“…However, the focus on a few dominant cereals contributed to malnutrition, especially among rural farmers and urban consumers ( Pingali, 2012 , Welch and Graham, 2000 ). The Green Revolution also had unintended environmental effects and a highly skewed distribution of benefits towards some social groups, particularly men and better-off farmers ( Barrett et al, 2022 , Krishna and Veettil, 2022 , Pingali, 2012 ). Owing to the absence of feedback mechanisms in the existing seed system, the diverse interests and preferences of men and women farmers have not been sufficiently addressed in wheat varietal development ( Suri and Gartaula, 2023 ).…”