Technical and scale efficiency of intensive white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in Vietnam: A data envelopment analysis

The direct and gut microbiota-mediated effects of dietary bile acids on the improvement of gut barriers in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

“…Due to the advantages of saving space and water resources, intensive aquaculture system is being developed rapidly. Intensive aquaculture is characterized by high farming density, which requires a high-energy feed to meet fish growth ( Ngoc et al., 2021 ). However, in the intensive aquaculture systems, fish are continuously exposed to stress due to high density and an excessive intake of energy, which affects fish health, especially the health of the gut, the primary organ for nutrition digestion and absorption and the largest immune organ in the body ( Dawood et al., 2019 ; Rohani et al., 2021 ; Schumann and Brinker, 2020 ; Sundh et al., 2010 ; Wang et al., 2020 ).…”

Exploring beyond farm management : opportunities to reduce information asymmetry and systemic risks in Vietnamese aquaculture

“…per crop at farm level (Phong et al, 2021) and the mortality rate reference which ranges from 10% to 30% per crop at farm level. This is in line with the average survival rate of 70% to 90% as reported by Ngoc et al (2021a). The number of crops per year is one, two or three with a probability of 0.35, 0.59, and 0.06, respectively, based on Duy et al (2021).…”

Biofloc technology : Practical aspects of carbohydrate supplementation

“…Direct application of carbohydrates is laborious while simply incorporating the carbohydrate in pelleted feed proved to be less effective. A major disadvantage to biofloc technology is the energy required to keep biofloc in suspension and the system oxygenated, which in many locations is costly, and if non-sustainable energy sources are used, is the major on-farm contributor to global warming (Chang et al, 2017;Ngoc et al, 2021).…”