Technical and radiological characterisation of fly ash and bottom ash from thermal power plant

Fidanchevski, Emilija; Angjusheva, Biljana; Jovanov, Vojo; Murtanovski, Pece; Vladiceska, Ljubica; Aluloska, Nikolina Stamatovska; Nikolić, Jelena Krneta; Ipavec, Andrej; Šter, Katarina; Mrak, Maruša; Dolenec, Matej

doi:10.1007/s10967-021-07980-w

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The unburned carbon content was also measured with the loss on ignition (LOI), for which 22.81%, 16.65%, and 30.62% were obtained (see Table 1) for CFC 1, CFC 2, and CFC 3 respectively. Similar results have been reported by other authors (27,29), which is attributed to proportions of unburned coal; where the latter has been reported with high levels of PHA (13). Concerning toxicity, it has been found that one of the most frequent occupational risks is the risk of contracting cancer due to exposure to byproducts of coal combustion, due to the content of PHA and radioactive natural radionuclides, either by ingestion or dermal contact (4,37).…”

Section: Chemical and Elemental Compositionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Evaluación de material particulado en cenizas de fondo de carbón y sus posibles efectos ecotóxicos: estudio preliminar

Torres Agredo,

Agudelo-Morales,

Vallejo Vallejo

2024

inycomp

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Las actividades industriales que utilizan carbón como fuente de energía, generan cantidades considerables de residuos sólidos que afectan la dinámica natural del ambiente, así como a la salud humana. Entre los residuos generados se encuentran las cenizas de fondo de carbón, las cuales podrían generar efectos adversos en la salud humana, especialmente por afecciones respiratorias. En este sentido se presenta una caracterización física (tamaño de partícula), química y ambiental, de cenizas de fondo generadas a partir de la combustión del carbón en una industria colombiana. Las técnicas empleadas para el análisis de tamaño de partícula fueron microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) y microscopía óptica, donde se observa material particulado de interés ambiental PM10 y PM2.5. También se realizó un análisis químico a través de la técnica de Fluorescencia de Rayos X y un análisis termogravimétrico con el fin de determinar el contenido de carbón inquemado. Adicionalmente, se realizó un bioensayo con semillas de Vigna radiata el cual indicó una reducción de la radícula, siendo más notoria en concentración de 50 % al 100% de ceniza. En las cenizas estudiadas, se encontraron partículas a escala de micras y nanómetros que podrían generar efectos negativos en la salud por su inhalación; así como contenido de metales pesados y compuestos de cuidado por su potencial riesgo a la salud y al ambiente.

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Section: Chemical and Elemental Compositionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The chemical composition of the ashes of the study is presented in (15,27,(30)(31)(32)(33). Some authors mention that coal ash from brick manufacturing is extremely toxic to human health and that cancer can be contracted from exposure to elements such as chromium (34).…”

Section: Chemical and Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluación de material particulado en cenizas de fondo de carbón y sus posibles efectos ecotóxicos: estudio preliminar

Torres Agredo,

Agudelo-Morales,

Vallejo Vallejo

2024

inycomp

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“…FAs are mainly composed of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and Fe 2 O 3 , with CaO content below 10% in ASTM F-type ashes [ 30 ], which are the ones mainly used in this study. Likewise, the percentages of MgO and TiO 2 are very low in this type of ash [ 78 ]. The content in the naturally occurring radioactive uranium and thorium series would be related to the coal used in the power plant [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach to Determine the Activity Concentration Index in Cements, Fly Ashes, and Slags on the Basis of Their Chemical Composition

et al. 2023

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The manufacture of Portland cement entails high energy and environmental costs, and various solutions have been implemented in recent years to mitigate this negative impact. These solutions include improvements in the manufacture of cement clinker or the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash (FA) or slag as a replacement for a portion of the clinker in cement. The incorporation of these SCMs in cement may increase its radiological content as they are naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs). The Activity Concentration Index (ACI) is a screening tool established in the European EURATOM Directive 2013/59 to determine the radiation protection suitability of a final construction material. The ACI is determined by the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, usually determined by gamma spectrometry. The methodology of gamma spectrometry is accurate and appropriate, but this technique is not available in all laboratories. For this reason, and taking into account that there is a relationship between the chemical and radiological composition of these building materials, a new approach is proposed to determine the radiological content of these materials from a chemical analysis such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF). In this paper, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to establish the relationships between the chemical composition and radiological content of cements, FAs, and slags of different natures. Through PCA it was possible to group the cements based on two variables: CaO content and Fe2O3–Al2O3–TiO2 content. A lower correlation was observed for the FAs and slags, as the sample scores were centered around the origin of the coordinates and showed greater dispersion than the cements. The clusters obtained in the HJ–Biplots allowed the determination, using multiple regression, of models relating the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th (212Pb), and 40K to the oxide percentages obtained for the three matrices studied. The models were validated using five cements, one FA and one slag with relative percentage deviations (RSD(%)) equal to or less than 30% for 89% of the activity concentrations and 100% of the ACI determined.

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“…As compared to fly ash, bottom ash is collected at the bottom of the boiler and has coarser, angular, large-sized particles with a greater content of unburned carbon [ 102 ]. Figure 8 shows the SEM image of bottom ash which has coarser, irregular large-sized angular particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

et al. 2022

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The geopolymer concept has gained wide international attention during the last two decades and is now seen as a potential alternative to ordinary Portland cement; however, before full implementation in the national and international standards, the geopolymer concept requires clarity on the commonly used definitions and mix design methodologies. The lack of a common definition and methodology has led to inconsistency and confusion across disciplines. This review aims to clarify the most existing geopolymer definitions and the diverse procedures on geopolymer methodologies to attain a good understanding of both the unary and binary geopolymer systems. This review puts into perspective the most crucial facets to facilitate the sustainable development and adoption of geopolymer design standards. A systematic review protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and applied to the Scopus database to retrieve articles. Geopolymer is a product of a polycondensation reaction that yields a three-dimensional tecto-aluminosilicate matrix. Compared to unary geopolymer systems, binary geopolymer systems contain complex hydrated gel structures and polymerized networks that influence workability, strength, and durability. The optimum utilization of high calcium industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, Class-C fly ash, and phosphogypsum in unary or binary geopolymer systems give C-S-H or C-A-S-H gels with dense polymerized networks that enhance strength gains and setting times. As there is no geopolymer mix design standard, most geopolymer mix designs apply the trial-and-error approach, and a few apply the Taguchi approach, particle packing fraction method, and response surface methodology. The adopted mix designs require the optimization of certain mixture variables whilst keeping constant other nominal material factors. The production of NaOH gives less CO2 emission compared to Na2SiO3, which requires higher calcination temperatures for Na2CO3 and SiO2. However, their usage is considered unsustainable due to their caustic nature, high energy demand, and cost. Besides the blending of fly ash with other industrial by-products, phosphogypsum also has the potential for use as an ingredient in blended geopolymer systems. The parameters identified in this review can help foster the robust adoption of geopolymer as a potential “go-to” alternative to ordinary Portland cement for construction. Furthermore, the proposed future research areas will help address the various innovation gaps observed in current literature with a view of the environment and society.

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Technical and radiological characterisation of fly ash and bottom ash from thermal power plant

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluación de material particulado en cenizas de fondo de carbón y sus posibles efectos ecotóxicos: estudio preliminar

Evaluación de material particulado en cenizas de fondo de carbón y sus posibles efectos ecotóxicos: estudio preliminar

New Approach to Determine the Activity Concentration Index in Cements, Fly Ashes, and Slags on the Basis of Their Chemical Composition

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

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