Technical and economic feasibility of zeolite encapsulation for krypton-85 storage

Benedict, R.W.; Christensen, Allan; Debbio, J. A. Del; Keller, J. U.; Knecht, D.A.

doi:10.2172/5966031

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The apparatus consists of a pressurizing system described previously, 3 and a 6 or 25ml Leco pressure capsule (State College, PA 16801) fitted with a cooling jacket and two independently controlled heaters to provide uniform temperature of *^ 5°C along the capsule. Some cf the thermocouples were calibrated at 650°C using a magnesium bath and showed less than 2°C error.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodalite leakape follows the ti relation, except for an initial period of hi£her linkage, probably due to some small cracks in the sodalite crystals. 3 Long-term tests were rcade at 150, 210, and 288°C, v.-ith Kr and w;iter loadings of 15-25 and 8-50 cm 3 STP/g respectively and up to 81 days storage times. The krypton leakage was found to decrease with krypton loading and increase with water 3o?.ding, as shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Long-term Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Loading and Leakage of Krypton Immobilized in Zeolites and Glass

Christensen¹,

Debbio²,

Knecht³

et al. 1981

Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long-term Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Loading and Leakage of Krypton Immobilized in Zeolites and Glass

Christensen¹,

Debbio²,

Knecht³

et al. 1981

Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…(9) Alternative immobilization techniques include ion implantation in growing sputter-deposited metallic films (22)(23)(24) and encapsulation in zeolites. (25)(26)(27) Thamer, Mi hlfeith, and Macbeth (28) have conducted an extensi ve survey of methods of immobilizing krypton-85. In addition to the above, their review considers disposal in porous underground media, hydrofracture, extra terrestrial, disposal in the ocean, low-pressure storage in caverns, transmutation and others.…”

Section: Krypton Immobilization Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benedict, et ale showed that sodalite loaded with krypton was stable enough to be considered as a potential long-term waste form for krypton-85. (31) Work at Karlsruhe selected zeolite SA over 30 different natural and synthetic zeolites as the preferred absorbent based on loading and stability tests with both argon and krypton. (27) Zeolite SA was also evaluated at INEL but thermal stability measurements showed the product to be inferior to sodalite.…”

Section: Pressurized Cylinder Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Control technology for radioactive emissions to the atmosphere at US Department of Energy facilities

Moore¹

1984

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this report is to provide information to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on existing technology for the control of radionuclide emissions into the air from U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, and to provide EPA with information on possible additional control technologies that could be used to further reduce these emissions.Included in this report are generic discussions of emission control technologies for particulates, iodine, rare gases, and tritium. Also included are specific discussions of existing emission control tech~ologies at 25 DOE facilities. Potential additional emission control technologies are discussed for 14 of these facilities. The facilities discussed were selected by EPA on the basis of preliminary radiation pathway analyses.A draft report (PNL-4621 Draft) was published in March 1983. This final report differs from the draft report as follows:1. Addition of Section 7.0, Feed Materials Production Center, and deletion of Section 21.3, Feed Materials Production Center;2. Addition of Section 15.3, Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, as an addendum to Section 15.0, Oak Ridge;3. Appropriate changes in the Summary and Section 1.0, Introduction, and 4. Editorial additions to the table of contents and list of study participants.Input to the draft and final reports, and comments on the draft and final reports, were sought from appropriate DOE operations offices. iii PROJECT PARTICIPANTSThe project participants listed here are staff members of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory, which is operated by the Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.

show abstract

“…The background regarding the origin of these samples is detailed by Garn et al 1 and repeated here in an abbreviated form for completeness. In the late 1970s, an R&D effort to study 85 Kr encapsulation and leakage was performed at INL by Christensen, et al [2][3][4][5] Off-gas resulting from fuel dissolution underwent treatment, with the fission products sent to the Rare Gas Plant at ICPP where the 85 Kr was removed via cryogenic distillation and collected in gas cylinders. A cylinder containing the 85 Kr was transferred to the Multi-Curie Cell where the encapsulation studies were completed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milestone report - M4FT-15OR03120210 - Multi-lab Analytical Plan for Analysis of Legacy <sup>85</sup>Kr Samples

Jubin

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Legacy samples composed of 85 Kr encapsulated in solid zeolite 5A material and five small metal tubes containing a mixture of the zeolite combined with a glass matrix resulting from hot isostatic pressing have been preserved. The samples were a result of krypton R&D encapsulation efforts in the late 1970s performed at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant. These samples were shipped to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in mid-FY 2014. Upon receipt the outer shipping package was opened and the inner package removed and placed in a radiation hood. The individual capsules were double bagged as they were removed from the inner shipping pig and placed into individual glass sample bottles for further analysis.The five capsules were then x-ray imaged. Capsules 1 and 4 appear to contain an amorphous mass within the capsules. Capsule 2 clearly shows the saw marks on the capsule and a quantity of loose pellet or bead-like material remaining in the capsule. Capsule 3 shows similar bead-like material within the intact capsule. Capsule 5 was previously opened. The end of this capsule appears to have been cut off and there are additional saw marks on the side of the capsule. X-ray tomography allowed the capsules to be viewed along the three axes. Of most interest was determining whether there was any residual material in the closed end of Capsule 5. The images confirmed the presence of residual material within this capsule. The material appears to be compacted but still retains some of the bead-like morphology.

show abstract

Technical and economic feasibility of zeolite encapsulation for krypton-85 storage

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Loading and Leakage of Krypton Immobilized in Zeolites and Glass

Loading and Leakage of Krypton Immobilized in Zeolites and Glass

Control technology for radioactive emissions to the atmosphere at US Department of Energy facilities

Milestone report - M4FT-15OR03120210 - Multi-lab Analytical Plan for Analysis of Legacy <sup>85</sup>Kr Samples

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About