Tebuconazole and terbuthylazine encapsulated in nanocarriers: preparation, characterization and release kinetics

Abstract

Release experiments of tebuconazole and terbuthylazine from various nanocarriers were performed by the dialysis method to estimate the durability of nanocarrier-active ingredient complexes.

Effects of three tebuconazole nanopesticides on the survival of Daphnia magna

“…PHB was prepared following the solvent/ evaporation technique, according to the method used by Salač et al (2019) 58 and López-Cabeza et al (2022). 13 Briefly, the organic phase was prepared by dissolving 300 mg of PHB in 10 mL of chloroform with reflux heating at 130 °C on magnetic stirring. TBZ (90 mg) was subsequently added to the organic phase.…”

“…Then, the extract was diluted ten times (n = 3), filtered through nylon filters (0.22 μm), and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS as described in detail in López-Cabeza et al (2022). 13 Encapsulation efficiency (EE%), as the percentage of TBZ loaded in each NC, was calculated using the following equation:…”

“…6,9,11 NFs may improve the properties of agrochemicals and decrease their drawbacks, for instance, low water solubility (need for organic solvents in formulations), poor bioavailability, or fast degradation. 12,13 In fact, the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles, smaller size, and higher surface area-to-volume ratio can increase coverage on the leaves, 14 offer a greater chance to interact with the target pests and diseases, enhance the stability of the pesticides in the environment, and reduce the quantities of pesticides by increasing their efficiency. 6,9,15 Paraphrasing Ghormade et al (2011), 16 instead of high-volume loweffectivity applications, nanopesticides may offer low-volume high-effectivity applications.…”

Clearance of nanoparticles from blood: effects of hydrodynamic size and surface coatings

“…, small size, large surface area, and surface functionalization). Intentional exposure of organisms to NPs applies to medicine, including drug delivery, 1 medical imaging, 2 and disease diagnosis. 3 For example, NPs can facilitate targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals to tumors 4 in the brain by crossing the blood–brain barrier.…”

Assessing the Fate of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Carrying Usnic Acid as Chemical Cargo on the Soil Microbial Community

“…Pesticide nanocarriers are expected to grow rapidly in the coming years. , However, the use of nanoenabled agrochemical products will inevitably release them into the environment, which can potentially impact nontarget organisms. − The discovery and development of nanoenabled products depend heavily on studies about the effects of nanoformulations, such as nanopesticides and nanobiopesticides, on agricultural soils. Understanding the environmental fate and behavior of nanoenabled products in soil systems is required to promote the development of safe-by-design nanopesticides.…”