Teasing Apart Molecular- Versus Fossil-based Error Estimates when Dating Phylogenetic Trees: A Case Study in the Birch Family (Betulaceae)

Forest, Félix; Savolainen, Vincent; Chase, Mark W.; Lupia, Richard; Bruneau, Anne; Crane, Peter R.

doi:10.1600/0363644053661850

Cited by 57 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Earlier dating studies (e.g. Forest et al 2005) produced even younger crown ages. Liu et al (2014) described A. clarnoensis on a combination of leaves, infructescences (woody catkins) and staminate inflorescences with in situ pollen, and considered it as a member of subgenus Alnus.…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 89%

Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: part IV. Magnoliophyta 2 – Fagales to Rosales

Grímsson

Bouchal

Xafis

et al. 2015

Grana

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Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 89%

Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: part IV. Magnoliophyta 2 – Fagales to Rosales

Grímsson

Bouchal

Xafis

et al. 2015

Grana

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“…When a fossil has been assigned to a clade, the stem node or the crown node of this clade can be used as constraint. Each assumption gives a different estimate of the divergence time (Forest et al, 2005). We chose to use stem nodes as constrained points (Wikström et al, 2001; Anderson et al, 2005; Renner, 2005), as it is the most inclusive group containing all extinct and extant members of a clade (Near et al, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, among the early diverging eudicots, Menispermaceae are unique in having an abundant and diverse fossil record. The family is an ideal group to evaluate the impact of fossil taxa on inferred relationships (Springer, 1995; Forest et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae

Jacques

Wang

Ortiz

et al. 2010

Journal of Systematics and Evolution

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The phylogeny of extant Menispermaceae (Ranunculales) is reconstructed based on DNA sequences of two chloroplast genes (rbcL and atpB) from 94 species belonging to 56 genera. Fossilized endocarps represent 34 genera. The positions of these are inferred using 30 morphological characters and the molecular phylogeny as a backbone constraint. Nine of the thirteen nodes that are each dated by a fossil are used as calibration points for the estimates of molecular divergence times. BEAST is used to estimate stem age (121.2 Myr) and crown age (105.4 Myr) for Menispermaceae. This method does not require an input tree topology and can also account for rate heterogeneity among lineages. The sensitivity of these estimates to fossil constraints is then evaluated by a cross‐validation procedure. The estimated origin for Menispermaceae is dated to the mid‐Jurassic if the customary maximum age of 125 Myr for eudicots is not implemented. All constraints when used alone failed to estimate node ages in some parts of the tree. Fossils from the Palaeocene and Eocene impose strict constraints. Likewise, the use of Prototinomiscium as a dating constraint for Menispermaceae appears to be a conservative approach.

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“…This is because the initial records of the genus, which date to the Paleocene and Early Eocene, have been uncertainly assigned (Crane 1981). Molecular estimates predict that the genus Betula originated in the Late Eocene (Forest et al 2005). It is probable that Betula was rare in the early Tertiary but became abundant and taxonomically diverse in the late Tertiary (Němejc 1975, Środoń 1979, Huntley and Birks 1983.…”

Section: Fossil Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What can molecular markers tell us about the glacial and postglacial histories of European birches?

Jadwiszczak¹

2012

Silva Fenn.

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The last glaciation was one of the most severe of the Pleistocene epoch. The development of the Scandinavian ice sheet forced many species to reduce their ranges to areas with favourable climatic conditions. Most European species survived the Last Glacial Maximum in refugia in southern parts of Europe. Cold-tolerant species, such as birch trees and shrubs, could also inhabit western, eastern or central Europe. After climate warming, Holocene recolonisation began. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the genetic variation of four European Betula species to reconstruct their glacial and postglacial histories. Two chloroplast DNA haplotypes dominate within the ranges of all birch species, one haplotype is the most common in western and northwestern Europe, the second haplotype occurs mainly in the eastern and southeastern parts of the continent. This finding suggests that birches have recolonised Europe from the western and the eastern refugia, respectively. Most of Europe was likely populated from higher latitude refugia because there was no evidence of isolation by distance and weak genetic structures were detected. Similar patterns of haplotype distributions within Betula ranges indicate that postglacial recolonisation may be disturbed by interspecies hybridisation.

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Teasing Apart Molecular- Versus Fossil-based Error Estimates when Dating Phylogenetic Trees: A Case Study in the Birch Family (Betulaceae)

Cited by 57 publications

References 61 publications

Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: part IV. Magnoliophyta 2 – Fagales to Rosales

Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: part IV. Magnoliophyta 2 – Fagales to Rosales

Integrating fossils in a molecular-based phylogeny and testing them as calibration points for divergence time estimates in Menispermaceae

What can molecular markers tell us about the glacial and postglacial histories of European birches?

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