Tears as a source of biomarkers for ocular and systemic diseases

Hohenstein-Blaul, Nadine von Thun und; Funke, Sebastian; Grus, Franz H.

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.015

Cited by 170 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…In good agreement with the above-mentioned roles, the functional analysis of the tear proteome revealed that the major tear proteins such as lactoferrin, lysozyme C, and lipocalin, are involved in the immune and inflammatory processes, oxidative stress response and defense against pathogens [72,74,85,88]. It has been shown that lactotransferrin is active against microbes and parasites and it has been implicated in the protection against cancer [95].…”

Section: The Chemical Barrier Of the Tears As A Possible Source For Bmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Electrophoresis [86], protein arrays [87] and various mass spectrometry-related techniques [85,88] have been applied. Various forms of chemical labeling [39,43], SRM/MRM-based targeted proteomics and label free quantification have been used for tear studies but no PRM or SWATH analyses have been carried out so far [89,90].…”

Section: Tear Proteomics As a Tool In Dr Specific Biomarker Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetic retinopathy: Proteomic approaches to help the differential diagnosis and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms

Csősz

Deák

Kalló

et al. 2017

Journal of Proteomics

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oDiabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and a leading cause of blindness among patients with diabetes. The appearance and the severity of the symptoms correlate with the duration of diabetes and poor blood glucose level management. Diabetic retinopathy is also categorized as a chronic low-level inflammatory disease; the high blood glucose level promotes the accumulation of the advanced glycation end products and leads to the stimulation of monocytes and macrophages. Examination of protein level alterations in tears using state-of the art proteomics techniques have identified several proteins as possible biomarkers for the different stages of the diabetic retinopathy. Some of the differentially expressed tear proteins have a role in the barrier function of tears linking the diabetic retinopathy with another eye complication of diabetes, namely the diabetic keratopathy resulting in impaired wound healing. Understanding the molecular events leading to the eye complications caused by hyperglycemia may help the identification of novel biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in order to improve quality of life of diabetic patients. Biological significance: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness among diabetic patients can develop without any serious symptoms therefore the early detection is crucial. Because of the increasing prevalence there is a high need for improved screening methods able to diagnose DR as soon as possible. The non-invasive collection and the relatively high protein concentration make the tear fluid a good source for biomarker discovery helping the early diagnosis. In this work we have reviewed the administration of advanced proteomics techniques used in tear biomarker studies and the identified biomarkers with potential to improve the already existing screening methods for DR detection.

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Section: The Chemical Barrier Of the Tears As A Possible Source For Bmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Tear Proteomics As a Tool In Dr Specific Biomarker Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic retinopathy: Proteomic approaches to help the differential diagnosis and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms

Csősz

Deák

Kalló

et al. 2017

Journal of Proteomics

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“…retinal or vitreal status, and more broadly, information related to systemic changes can also be acquired by analysis of tear proteins (reviewed by [35,36]). The protein composition of tear was examined in various pathological conditions, and proteome-level changes were observed in case of contact lens wearers as well [37].…”

Section: Tear Fluid As a Source Of Biomarkers For Ocular And Systemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative body fluid proteomics in medicine — A focus on minimal invasiveness

Csősz

Kalló

Márkus

et al. 2017

Journal of Proteomics

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“…More recently tears, which are more clinically accessible, are being used to assess biomarkers related to diabetic retinopathy [27,[75][76][77]. Further clinical studies are of great interest.…”

Section: Relevant Tissue Accessibility and Assay Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2015

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■ AbstractThere is a global diabetes epidemic correlating with an increase in obesity. This coincidence may lead to a rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. There is also an as yet unexplained increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes, which is not related to adiposity. Whilst improved diabetes care has substantially improved diabetes outcomes, the disease remains a common cause of working age adult-onset blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is the most frequently occurring complication of diabetes; it is greatly feared by many diabetes patients. There are multiple risk factors and markers for the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy, yet residual risk remains. Screening for diabetic retinopathy is recommended to facilitate early detection and treatment. Common biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy and its risk in clinical practice today relate to the visualization of the retinal vasculature and measures of glycemia, lipids, blood pressure, body weight, smoking, and pregnancy status. Greater knowledge of novel biomarkers and mediators of diabetic retinopathy, such as those related to inflammation and angiogenesis, has contributed to the development of additional therapeutics, in particular for late-stage retinopathy, including intra-ocular corticosteroids and intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors ('anti-VEGFs') agents. Unfortunately, in spite of a range of treatments (including laser photocoagulation, intraocular steroids, and anti-VEGF agents, and more recently oral fenofibrate, a PPAR-alpha agonist lipid-lowering drug), many patients with diabetic retinopathy do not respond well to current therapeutics. Therefore, more effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy are necessary. New analytical techniques, in particular those related to molecular markers, are accelerating progress in diabetic retinopathy research. Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of diabetes, and the limited capacity of healthcare systems to screen and treat diabetic retinopathy, there is need to reliably identify and triage people with diabetes. Biomarkers may facilitate a better understanding of diabetic retinopathy, and contribute to the development of novel treatments and new clinical strategies to prevent vision loss in people with diabetes. This article reviews key aspects related to biomarker research, and focuses on some specific biomarkers relevant to diabetic retinopathy.

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Tears as a source of biomarkers for ocular and systemic diseases

Cited by 170 publications

References 145 publications

Diabetic retinopathy: Proteomic approaches to help the differential diagnosis and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms

Diabetic retinopathy: Proteomic approaches to help the differential diagnosis and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms

Quantitative body fluid proteomics in medicine — A focus on minimal invasiveness

Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

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