Tear Luminex Analysis in Dry Eye Patients

Zhao, Hailan; Li, Qiushi; Ye, Mingxia; Yu, Jie

doi:10.12659/msm.912010

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Th1 cells have also been narrowly associated to development and disease severity, owing to their selective infiltration into target tissues, analyzed by the presence of the transcription factor T-bet and IFN-γ [ 28 ]. Alternatively, some studies have found an increased expression of predominantly Th1-cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ, and IP-10, in liquids like tears and saliva from pSS patients correlating with clinical manifestations [ 29 , 30 ]. Consistent with the underlying mechanism to shape the setting of the inflammatory and detrimental environment, IFN-γ might disrupt tight junction structure in glandular tissue from SS patients [ 31 ], indicating that the local cytokine production may contribute to the observed glandular dysfunction.…”

Section: Th1/th17 Cells: Primordial Effectors Coordinating the Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, in the line of SS pathology-influencing Tfh factors, in vitro analysis valuing pSS patients-derived SG epithelial cells revealed that these cells promote naïve T cells differentiation into Tfh in an IL-6 and ICOL dependent manner [ 97 ]. This evidence suggests that Tfh may mature at site of inflammation, and IL-6 exhibits crucial roles for Tfh cell generation during humoral response, which would allow focusing on IL-6 as a target to downregulate Tfh cells frequency, since IL-6 is increased in SS [ 29 ]. Alternatively, Achaete-scute complex homologue 2 (Ascl2) is a novel molecule that has been reported to induce Tfh cells differentiation.…”

Section: Tfh Cell: Building the Niche Leading To Progressive Damagmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

T Cells Subsets in the Immunopathology and Treatment of Sjogren’s Syndrome

2020

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Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is characterized by an exacerbated T cell infiltration in exocrine glands, markedly associated to the inflammatory and detrimental features as well as the disease progression. Several helper T cell subsets sequentially converge at different stages of the ailment, becoming involved in specific pathologic roles. Initially, their activated phenotype endows them with high migratory properties and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in target tissues. Later, the accumulation of immunomodulatory T cells-derived factors, such as IL-17, IFN-γ, or IL-21, preserve the inflammatory environment. These effects favor strong B cell activation, instigating an extrafollicular antibody response in ectopic lymphoid structures mediated by T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and leading to disease progression. Additionally, the memory effector phenotype of CD8+ T cells present in SS patients suggests that the presence of auto-antigen restricted CD8+ T cells might trigger time-dependent and specific immune responses. Regarding the protective roles of traditional regulatory T cells (Treg), uncertain evidence shows decrease or invariable numbers of circulating and infiltrating cells. Nevertheless, an emerging Treg subset named follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) seems to play a critical protective role owing to their deficiency that enhances SS development. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge of T cells subsets contribution to the SS immunopathology, focusing on the cellular and biomolecular properties allowing them to infiltrate and to harm target tissues, and that simultaneously make them key therapeutic targets for SS treatment.

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Section: Th1/th17 Cells: Primordial Effectors Coordinating the Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tfh Cell: Building the Niche Leading To Progressive Damagmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cells Subsets in the Immunopathology and Treatment of Sjogren’s Syndrome

2020

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“…Measurements of inflammatory mediators in the tear film help to identify the inflammatory reaction and the severity of DED [22,28,38]. The levels of various cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12P70, IL-13, MIP-1α, IFN-γ) and MMP-9 in tears of DED patients are significantly higher than those in normal people [22,28,40,41]. Statistical differences among subclasses of DED for IL-8 and TNF-α were observed and it could be significant for diagnosing and treatment of DED [40].…”

Section: -(1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levels of various cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12P70, IL-13, MIP-1α, IFN-γ) and MMP-9 in tears of DED patients are significantly higher than those in normal people [22,28,40,41]. Statistical differences among subclasses of DED for IL-8 and TNF-α were observed and it could be significant for diagnosing and treatment of DED [40]. The activity of cathepsin S (CTSS) in tears and the level of HLA-Dr in impression cytology were higher in patients with SS than in patients with non-SS DED and healthy subjects [22].…”

Section: -(1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sjögren’s Syndrome as an Ocular Problem: Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Kopacz¹,

Maciejewicz²

2019

Chronic Autoimmune Epithelitis - Sjogren's Syndrome and Other Autoimmune Diseases of the Exocrine Glands

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Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease of exocrine glands, which is characterized by dry mouth and dry eye, though ocular disturbances, such as dry eye disease, may be the first sign of the problem. In pathogenesis of SS, activated T-cells and B-cells infiltrate the lacrimal glands and autoimmune process leading to cell destruction. This process causes hyposecretion of tears and aqueous-deficient dry eye disease. Evaporative dry eye disease is connected with Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and/or goblet cell loss. There are many questionnaires and tests to dry eye disease diagnosing, but there is no "gold standard." Correlation of data from symptom questionnaires and results of ocular staining score, Schirmer test I (without anesthesia), and break-up-time make it easier to diagnose. The treatment of SS includes both local (tear drops and moistures) and systemic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs-biologics) therapies, but it is individual. We would like to present recent data on the ocular involvement and perspective of dry eye disease diagnosis and treatment in patients with SS.

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“…The mechanism of development of DE is still unclear, but inflammation is known to be a major cause of damage to the ocular surface and cellular damage [7]. Indeed, a clinical study reported that the levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are higher in the tears of DE patient tears than in healthy individuals [8]. Thus, a substance capable of regulating inflammatory cytokines is a potentially effective therapeutic agent for DE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) on goblet cell density and inflammation in experimental dry eye model

et al. 2020

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The efficacy of ethanol extract of Diospyros kaki (EEDK) on dry eye (DE) was determined using an experimental mouse model. Experimental groups included three treated with various amounts of EEDK and one treated with omega-3 for 2 weeks. Damage to the ocular surface was evaluated, and the presence of conjunctival goblet cells was determined. Moreover, the inflammatory response was analyzed via RT-PCR analysis and a reporter gene assay. Fluorescein staining intensity decreased in the EEDK treatment group, and goblet cell density increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in human corneal epithelial cells treated with Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)-4. However, pro-inflammatory cytokines were downregulated at the mRNA level upon treatment with EEDK. Furthermore, EEDK regulated Pam3CSK4-induced gene expression through interferon regulatory factors. EEDK effectively improves the conjunctival goblet cell density and reduces the inflammatory response by reducing interferon regulatory factor activation downstream of Toll-like receptors in DE. Therefore, EEDK could be beneficial agents for preventing and treating DE.

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Tear Luminex Analysis in Dry Eye Patients

Cited by 47 publications

References 34 publications

T Cells Subsets in the Immunopathology and Treatment of Sjogren’s Syndrome

T Cells Subsets in the Immunopathology and Treatment of Sjogren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s Syndrome as an Ocular Problem: Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Effect of persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) on goblet cell density and inflammation in experimental dry eye model

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