Tear Lactoferrin Levels and Ocular Bacterial Flora in HIV Positive Patients

Comerie-Smith, Sandra E.; Nunez, J. C. T.; Hosmer, Marion E.; Farris, R. Linsy

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2417-5_58

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…7 However, it has been reported in the literature that infections that substantially suppress the immune system, such as HIV, don’t cause significant changes in positive culture frequency or the variety of bacteria found in conjunctival cultures. 8,9 Similar changes in diabetic patients have also been reported in the literature. Suto et al 10 studied 579 individuals and found a unilateral positive culture rate of 39.2% with CNS as the major bacterial flora element.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals

Adam¹,

Balcı²,

Bayhan³

et al. 2015

tjo

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Objectives:To evaluate the conjunctival bacterial flora in diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects.Materials and Methods:Fifty-three diabetic patients and 43 nondiabetic healthy individuals were included in the study. A specimen was taken from each participant for the study by rubbing a sterile cotton-tipped swab on the inferior palpebral conjunctiva of the right eye. Samples were incubated in blood agar, chocolate agar, eosin methylene-blue lactose sucrose agar and sabouraud 4% dextrose agar. Isolated microorganisms were identified using routine microbiological methods.Results:Rates for bacterial isolations were determined as 38.5% in diabetic patients and 34.9% in nondiabetic controls. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 30% of cases in the diabetic patient group, while 20% tested positive for Escherichia coli, 10% for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 10% for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 30% for multiple bacteria. In the non-diabetic group, 53.3% of patients were positive for Staphylococcus aureus while coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was isolated in 26.7%, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 6.7% and multiple bacteria in 13.3% of patients. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the number of isolated bacteria between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, gram-negative bacterial colonization was significantly higher in diabetic patients (χ2=0.129, p=0.719 and χ2=5.60, p=0.018, respectively).Conclusion:Gram-negative bacteria are more common in the conjunctival flora of diabetic patients. This should be considered by clinicians when treating ocular infections in diabetic patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals

Adam¹,

Balcı²,

Bayhan³

et al. 2015

tjo

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“…23 23 Comerie-Smith et al analyzed the lids of HIV patients and observed growth in 100% of cultures compared with only 33% of the non-HIV subjects. 2 In contrast, Gritz et al, studying the HIV patients' flora, did not detect a significant difference in positive cultures when HIV patients were compared with controls. 24 In our study, only the presence of diabetic retinopathy correlated with the prevalence of positive cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease associated with blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy and its complications, and also other abnormalities in other parts of the eye. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Diabetic patients have been reported to have an increased prevalence of postoperative endophthalmitis than nondiabetic patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Bacterial Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic Patients

Martins¹,

Alvarenga²,

Hofling-Lima³

et al. 2004

Cornea

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“…The high prevalence of positive cultures can be explained by disturbances that occur in the conjunctival defence mechanism of patients living with HIV. Comerie-Smith et al 15 reported a decrease in lactoferrin levels in the tears of HIV-positive patients. In the current series, a coinfection of germs ( K pneumoniae and S epidermidis ), a case of E cloacae , and a fungal species ( Candida sp) were observed in patients with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctival Flora of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment

et al. 2017

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Objectives:To determine the conjunctival flora of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART).Methodology:A total of 104 conjunctival swabs from 104 HIV patients on ART underwent microbiological evaluation to describe the flora.Result:There were 71 (68.26%) women and 33 (31.74%) men. The mean age was 42.9 ± 9.77 (range: 22-70) years. Negative cultures were found in 39 (37.50%) cases. Bacterial growth occurred in 65 (62.50%) cases. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was found in 59 eyes (90.76%), and coagulase-positive in 3 eyes (4.61%). There was a significant correlation between the duration of ART, the degrees of immunosuppression, and bacterial growth.Conclusions:Knowledge of the conjunctival flora in HIV patients may provide a better guideline in the choice of antibiotic for the management of ocular surface infections.

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Tear Lactoferrin Levels and Ocular Bacterial Flora in HIV Positive Patients

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals

Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals

Aerobic Bacterial Conjunctival Flora in Diabetic Patients

Conjunctival Flora of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment

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