Tear Film Osmolarity in Response to Long-Term Orthokeratology Treatment

Nieto-Bona, Amelia; Nombela-Palomo, María; Felipe-Marquez, Gema; Teus, Miguel A.

doi:10.1097/icl.0000000000000347

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Immediately after insertion of a contact lens, there is a reduction in tear film osmolality, probably due to tear hypersecretion as a result of irritation . This is shortly followed by an increase in osmolality as the eye adapts to the presence of the lens . In most wearers, osmolality returns to normal after stabilisation but a few subjects may have elevated osmolality for extended periods .…”

Section: Use Of Contact Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Boost

Cho

Wang

2017

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Contact lens wear is a popular, convenient and effective method for vision correction. In recent years, contact lens practice has expanded to include new paradigms, including orthokeratology; however, their use is not entirely without risk, as the incidence of infection has consistently been reported to be higher in contact lens wearers. The explanations for this increased susceptibility have largely focused on physical damage, especially to the cornea, due to a combination of hypoxia, mechanical trauma, deposits and solution cytotoxicity, as well as poor compliance with care routines leading to introduction of pathogens into the ocular environment. However, in recent years, with the increasing availability and reduced cost of molecular techniques, the ocular environment has received greater attention with in‐depth studies of proteins and other components. Numerous proteins were found to be present in the tears and their functions and interactions indicate that the tears are far more complex than formerly presumed. In addition, the concept of a sterile or limited microbial population on the ocular surface has been challenged by analysis of the microbiome. Ocular microbiome was not considered as one of the key sites for the Human Microbiome Project, as it was thought to be limited compared to other body sites. This was proven to be fallacious, as a wide variety of micro‐organisms were identified in the analyses of human tears. Thus, the ocular environment is now recognised to be more complicated and interference with this ecological balance may lead to adverse effects. The use of contact lenses clearly changes the situation at the ocular surface, which may result in consequences which disturb the balance in the healthy eye.

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Section: Use Of Contact Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is shortly followed by an increase in osmolality as the eye adapts to the presence of the lens . In most wearers, osmolality returns to normal after stabilisation but a few subjects may have elevated osmolality for extended periods . Elevated osmolality may be associated with the development of dry eyes …”

Section: Use Of Contact Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Boost

Cho

Wang

2017

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…Due to the limited methods, other potential factors, such as the position of the eyes during sleep, the tightness of the eyelids, the rapid eye movement phase, and the condition of the tear lm, were not taken into consideration. 30,31 This might be the reason why the R coe cients of linear regression were not large enough. Since Asian patients often have much tighter eyelids, the results of this study could be different from the results for other ethnic groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal Elevation Asymmetry Vector as a Predictor of One-year-averaged Orthokeratology Lens Decentration in Low Astigmats

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Significance: This study establishes a novel and practical method for locating orthokeratology lens decentration. The general lens decentration over a one-year period could be partially predicted using the corneal elevation asymmetry vector.Purpose: The predictive ability of the pretreatment corneal elevation asymmetry vector for the average orthokeratology lens decentration in Chinese myopic adolescents with low astigmatism was explored.Methods: Thirty-five myopic participants (35 eyes) were enrolled in this prospective study. The follow-up time was up to one year. Various pretreatment corneal parameters were analyzed to identify potential candidates for lens decentration prediction. An accurate and objective method was developed in MATLAB to calculate the corneal asymmetry vector, which was defined as the sum of the elevation vector at the boundary between the reverse curve and the alignment curve. The program also locates a precise lens decentration vector. The relationship between pretreatment corneal parameters and lens decentration was analyzed using linear regression.Results: Lens decentration stabilized after 1 month. The averaged lens decentration vector was calculated to indicate the general decentration situation after stabilization. The magnitude of the averaged decentration varied from 0.07 mm to 1.35 mm, with 91% measuring less than 1.0 mm. Inferotemporal decentration was the most common type (66%). Among all the pretreatment parameters, only the corneal asymmetry vector significantly correlated with the averaged lens decentration in horizontal coordinates (R=0.374, p=.027). The vertical asymmetry vector was close to significance when correlated with the vertical averaged lens decentration vector (R=0.327, p=.055). The angle of the corneal elevation asymmetry vector significantly contributed to the averaged lens decentration angle (R= 0.344, p= .043).Conclusions: The association between pretreatment corneal elevation asymmetry vector and one-year-averaged orthokeratology lens decentration may assist in fitting and understanding the performance of orthokeratology lenses.

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“…Pediatric CL wearers with unstable TF often have fewer complaints for their dry eye symptoms, which may lower their guardians' awareness of their underlying DED 15. TF homeostasis breakdown in pediatric orthokeratology lens wearers, at least temporarily, has been noticed 16–19. Children may have more difficulty completing tests, for example, due to their reluctance to keep their eyes open in a NIKBUT test or fear of mini-invasive tear collection for a tear osmolarity test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the Reflective Light Particles Spreading on the Cornea: An Emerging Assessment for Tear Film Homeostasis

Lai

Kuo

Fang

et al. 2019

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose To implement an emerging noninvasive approach for assessing the dynamic tear film (TF) homeostasis. Methods The video records of dynamic TF from 12 healthy orthokeratology lens wearers were obtained by a clinically available TF analyzer and decomposed as image sequences. The trajectories of TF particles were analyzed by two tracking models, the full-span model (FSM) and the fixed-duration model (FDM). FSM tracked a particle for a complete opening blink cycle, while FDM tracked 1 second of the same cycle. A power-law fitting operation \begin{document}\newcommand{\bialpha}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}\newcommand{\bibeta}{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\newcommand{\bigamma}{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}\newcommand{\bidelta}{\boldsymbol{\delta}}\newcommand{\bivarepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}\newcommand{\bizeta}{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}\newcommand{\bieta}{\boldsymbol{\eta}}\newcommand{\bitheta}{\boldsymbol{\theta}}\newcommand{\biiota}{\boldsymbol{\iota}}\newcommand{\bikappa}{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\newcommand{\bilambda}{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\newcommand{\bimu}{\boldsymbol{\mu}}\newcommand{\binu}{\boldsymbol{\nu}}\newcommand{\bixi}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\newcommand{\biomicron}{\boldsymbol{\micron}}\newcommand{\bipi}{\boldsymbol{\pi}}\newcommand{\birho}{\boldsymbol{\rho}}\newcommand{\bisigma}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\newcommand{\bitau}{\boldsymbol{\tau}}\newcommand{\biupsilon}{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}\newcommand{\biphi}{\boldsymbol{\phi}}\newcommand{\bichi}{\boldsymbol{\chi}}\newcommand{\bipsi}{\boldsymbol{\psi}}\newcommand{\biomega}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}{\rm{MMS}}\left( t \right) = {\rm{\alpha }} \times {t^{ - {\rm{\beta }}}}\end{document} was used to extract homeostasis markers based on the tracking model for each subject. Results Comparing two tracking models ( N = 6), only one subject had statistical difference in averaged momentary moving speed (MMS; P = 0.0488), while none had significant difference in averaged momentary moving direction (MMD). However, both models showed good correlations in average MMS (ρ = 0.94, P = 0.0048) and MMD (ρ = 1.00, P < 0.0001) and all extracted homeostasis markers [α, β, MMS(0.1), and MMS(2.0)]. Assessing interblink reliability in these markers under FDM tracking ( N = 12), only one subject in the MMS (0.1) and another subject in the MMS (2.0) were outside 95% limits of agreement, respectively. Conclusions FDM is a good alternative to FSM and has tracking properties of higher efficiency and easier implementation. The homeostasis markers under FDM tracking showed a good interblink consistence; therefore this approach will be a promising method for analyzing dynamic TF homeostasis in future practice. Translational Relevance FDM analytical architecture can practice the past experimental platform on a TF analyzer to obtain homeostas...

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Tear Film Osmolarity in Response to Long-Term Orthokeratology Treatment

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome

Corneal Elevation Asymmetry Vector as a Predictor of One-year-averaged Orthokeratology Lens Decentration in Low Astigmats

Tracking the Reflective Light Particles Spreading on the Cornea: An Emerging Assessment for Tear Film Homeostasis

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