Tear Film Extensional Viscosity Is a Novel Potential Biomarker of Dry Eye Disease

McDonnell, Amarin G.; Lee, Ji‐Hyun; Makrai, Eve; Yeo, Leslie; Downie, Laura E

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.03.014

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The viscosity of the tear film is lower in patients with dry eyes (6.9 mPa.s) than in controls (11 mPa.s) (McDonnell et al 2019). The measured viscosities in the current study and in the study by Wadhwani et al (2016) were notably smaller than this (≤1 mPa.s), posing a potential risk factor for developing dry eyes when using travoprost eye drops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Generic benzalkonium chloride‐preserved travoprost eye drops are not identical to the branded polyquarternium‐1‐preserved travoprost eye drop

Hedengran

Freiberg

Hansen

et al. 2022

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of polyquaternium-1 (PQ)-preserved and benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved travoprost eye drops on viability of primary human conjunctival goblet cell (GC) cultures and on secretion of mucin and cytokines. Furthermore, to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the branded travoprost eye drop Travatanâ and available generics. Methods: The effect of travoprost eye drops was evaluated on GC cultures. Cell viability was assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assays. Mucin secretion was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 was measured using BD Cytometric Bead Arrays. pH, viscosity, droplet mass, osmolality and surface tension were measured for all included eye drops. Results: In the LDH assay, BAK travoprost caused significant GC loss after 2 hrs of incubation compared to the control. PQ travoprost caused no GC loss at any time point. Both PQ-and BAK travoprost caused secretion of mucin to the cytoplasma. No difference in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was identified compared to controls. The pH values for the generics were lower (pH 6.0) than the pH value for Travatan (pH 6.7; p < 0.0001). The viscosity was lowest for Travatan, while the mean droplet mass was higher for Travatan (35 mg) than the generics (28-30 mg; p ≤ 0.0318). The osmolality and surface tension did not differ between the eye drops investigated. Conclusion: BAK travoprost caused GC loss, indicating that PQ preservation may be preferable in treatment of glaucoma. Furthermore, physicochemical properties of branded and generic travoprost eye drops can not be assumed to be identical.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Generic benzalkonium chloride‐preserved travoprost eye drops are not identical to the branded polyquarternium‐1‐preserved travoprost eye drop

Hedengran

Freiberg

Hansen

et al. 2022

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Recently, it was clinically demonstrated that indeed the extensional viscosity of dry eye tears is compromised compared to healthy samples [21]. Back in 1991 Tiffany also demonstrated that DES tears take longer time to stabilize after deformation is applied to them, which also is indicative for less ordered and less viscous fluid in an open eye (i.e., in resting phase at the bottom panel of Figure 1) [12].…”

Section: Number Of Hydrodynamic Models (See Equations (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Mucins towards the Physical Properties of the Tear Film: A Modern Update

Georgiev

Eftimov

Yokoi

2019

IJMS

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Instability of the tear film (TF) protecting the ocular surface results in dry eye syndrome (DES), the most prevalent public health ophthalmic disease affecting the quality of life of 10 to 30% of the human population worldwide. Although the impact of the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) and of the aqueous tears (AT) to the TF stability is extensively studied, in contrast the contribution of the secretory mucins (SM) and of the membrane-associated mucins (MAM), i.e., one of the most abundant molecular classes in AT and in the corneal epithelium respectively, remains poorly defined. However, it is well known that in DES both types of mucins are quantitatively or qualitatively deficient. Numerous studies since the 1990s until now have proposed direct involvement of SM and MAM in the material properties (viscoelasticity, hydration, and protection of the ocular surface; synergistic cooperation with the rest of the TF layers; etc.) and stability of TF. These theories will be reviewed here in the context of the classical and modern in vitro and in vivo results that allow their reappraisal and in view of the novel mucin secretion enhancing pharmaceuticals, which have opened innovative routes for the therapy of DES.

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“…Normal tear fluid has a refractive index of 1.337, a pH of between 6.8 and 8.2 [291,292]. The extensional viscosity of the healthy tear film is >0.0082 Pa.s., which is reduced in dry eye disease [293]. Tear osmolarity, which describes the concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution, ranges from 270 to 315 mOsm/L in normal eyes [247].…”

Section: Function and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCLA CLEAR - Anatomy and physiology of the anterior eye

Downie

Bandlitz

Bergmanson

et al. 2021

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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A key element of contact lens practice involves clinical evaluation of anterior eye health, including the cornea and limbus, conjunctiva and sclera, eyelids and eyelashes, lacrimal system and tear film. This report reviews the fundamental anatomy and physiology of these structures, including the vascular supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage, sensory innervation, physiology and function. This is the foundation for considering the potential interactions with, and effects of, contact lens wear on the anterior eye. This information is not consistently published as academic research and this report provides a synthesis from all available sources. With respect to terminology, the report aims to promote the consistent use of nomenclature in the field, and generally adopts anatomical terms recommended by the Federative Committee for Anatomical Terminology. Techniques for the examination of the ocular surface are also discussed.

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Tear Film Extensional Viscosity Is a Novel Potential Biomarker of Dry Eye Disease

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Generic benzalkonium chloride‐preserved travoprost eye drops are not identical to the branded polyquarternium‐1‐preserved travoprost eye drop

Generic benzalkonium chloride‐preserved travoprost eye drops are not identical to the branded polyquarternium‐1‐preserved travoprost eye drop

Contribution of Mucins towards the Physical Properties of the Tear Film: A Modern Update

BCLA CLEAR - Anatomy and physiology of the anterior eye

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