Tear Evaporation Dynamics in Normal Subjects and Subjects with Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Goto, Eiki; Endo, Koji; Suzuki, Atsushi; Fujikura, Yoshiaki; Matsumoto, Yukihiro; Tsubota, Kazuo

doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0170

Cited by 170 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…18 Tear function parameters Tear evaporation rate. The tear film evaporation rate was measured as described previously 19,20 by using a tear evaporimeter (KAO Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) following the manufacturer's instructions. We measured evaporation rates with the eye closed and the eye open (natural blinking) twice to avoid the contribution of evaporation from lid skin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular surface and tear functions after topical cyclosporine treatment in dry eye patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease

Wang

Ogawa

Doğru

et al. 2007

Bone Marrow Transplant

108

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We investigated the effect of 0.05% topical cyclosporine (Cys) on the ocular surface and tear functions in dry eye patients with chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in a prospective comparative study. Thirty eyes of 15 patients refractory to baseline treatment were recruited and the patients assigned for topical Cys treatment group (14 eyes of 7 patients) and control group (12 eyes of 6 patients) respectively. Two patients dropped out because of intolerable irritation while using topical Cys eye drops. Visual analog scale symptom scores, corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test value, tear film break-up time (TBUT), tear evaporation rate and ocular surface vital staining scores were recorded at baseline and at the end of the following one month. Conjunctival impression and brush cytology were performed before and after the treatment. After topical Cys treatment, significant improvements were found in symptom scores, corneal sensitivity, tear evaporation rate, TBUT, vital staining scores, goblet cells density, conjunctival squamous metaplasia grade, inflammatory cell numbers and the MUC5AC expression. Our study suggests that 0.05% topical Cys may be an effective treatment for dry eye patients with cGVHD. The improvements in the ocular surface and tear functions resulted presumably from the decreased inflammation, increased goblet cell density and MUC5AC mRNA expression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular surface and tear functions after topical cyclosporine treatment in dry eye patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease

Wang

Ogawa

Doğru

et al. 2007

Bone Marrow Transplant

108

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“…17 Briefly, the eyecup of the evaporimeter tightly covered the subject's eye, and then the device measured the tear evaporation rate in both eyesclosed and eyes-open conditions. In this way, we can eliminate the evaporation from the eyelid.…”

Section: Tear Evaporimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline profiles of ocular surface and tear dynamics after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with or without chronic GVHD-related dry eye

Wang

Ogawa

Doğru

et al. 2009

Bone Marrow Transplant

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We evaluated ocular surface alterations in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients with or without chronic GVHD-related dry eye in a prospective study. Fifty eyes of 25 post-HSCT patients and 28 eyes of 14 age-matched healthy controls were included. Meibomian gland (MG) obstruction, tear evaporation rate, corneal sensitivity (CS), Schirmer test-I, tear break-up time (BUT) and ocular surface vital staining were examined. Conjunctival impression and brush cytology specimens were collected to evaluate the goblet cell density (GCD) and the inflammatory cell numbers. Obvious MG obstruction, decreased CS and enhanced tear evaporation rate were found in post-HSCT patients compared with normal controls. In addition, decreased conjunctival GCD, increased conjunctival squamous metaplasia and inflammatory cells were noted in cGVHD-related dry eyes compared with normal controls and post-HSCT without dry eye subjects. Furthermore, the conjunctival inflammatory cells were significantly higher in severe dry eyes compared with mild dry eyes (P ¼ 0.03). We found comprehensive ocular surface alteration in post-HSCT patients, regardless of whether they had cGVHD-related dry eye or not. The results suggest that the extent of inflammatory process seems to have a pivotal role in the outcome of the cGVHD-related dry eye.

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“…These authors do not vary the air flow rate. Later, Goto et al 48 also employed a flow evaporimeter. In their instrument, dry air flows normal into a goggle and egresses separately through a cylinder affixed to the goggle face and containing an oscillating quartz crystal to detect exit humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Evaporimeter To Assess Evaporative Resistance of Human Tear-Film Lipid Layer

Peng

Cerretani

et al. 2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A novel in vivo flow evaporimeter is developed to measure human tear-evaporation rates. The flow evaporimeter relies on a well-defined flow field to the eye with known and adjustable flow rates and relative humidities, and quantitatively reproduces evaporation rates for pure water. Mass-transfer analysis of the evaporimeter data elucidates, for the first time, the resistance of the human tear-film lipid layer (TFLL) toward minimizing tear loss to the environment. A pilot study on human subjects validates the feasibility of the flow evaporimeter to obtain the tear-film evaporation rates in vivo. Resistance of the TFLL against tear evaporation is found subject specific. Our flow evaporimeter offers an accurate, safe, and convenient diagnostic tool for clinical evaluation of dry-eye-related maladies.

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Tear Evaporation Dynamics in Normal Subjects and Subjects with Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Cited by 170 publications

References 39 publications

Ocular surface and tear functions after topical cyclosporine treatment in dry eye patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease

Ocular surface and tear functions after topical cyclosporine treatment in dry eye patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease

Baseline profiles of ocular surface and tear dynamics after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with or without chronic GVHD-related dry eye

Flow Evaporimeter To Assess Evaporative Resistance of Human Tear-Film Lipid Layer

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