Tear and aqueous humour cytokine profile in primary open‐angle glaucoma

Abstract

To evaluate the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tear and aqueous humour of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), relative to healthy controls. Method: Tear and aqueous humour samples were collected from 29 healthy controls and 27 POAG patients. Twenty-seven inflammatory cytokines were analysed: interleukin (IL)-

Hypercytokinemia in COVID-19: Tear cytokine profile in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

“…Tears are accessible and non-invasive sources from which biomarkers can be obtained. Recently, tear analysis has proven to be a useful biomarker in many ocular surface and systemic diseases( ten Berge et al, 2019 ; Burgos-Blasco et al, 2020 ). Diabetic patients present a significant increase in the number of peaks when electrophoretic patterns from tear proteins when analyzed.…”

Tear Film Cytokine Profile of Patients With the Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1: Comparing Patients With and Without Glaucoma

“…In open-angle glaucoma, increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, FGF-basic, VEGF, IL-12, IL-15, IFN-ɣ and TNF-α compared to controls have been observed in the aqueous humor and associated with increased RGC death and IOP rise. [30][31][32][33]35,37,38,42 In comparison, patients with chronic angle closure glaucoma have shown increased levels of IP-10 and VEGF, and lower levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, and GM-CSF. 40,41 In our study, IOP elevation was associated with increased concentrations of IFN-ɣ and IL-1β in tear fluid, also significantly correlated with CDR.…”

“…We selected a panel of inflammatory cytokines involved in immune and inflammatory responses and which have been investigated and observed in glaucoma in several prior reports. [32][33][34][35][36][38][39][40][41][42] The cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB/BB, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), TNF-α, VEGF, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-basic, eotaxin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IFN-γ were measured using a 27plex Luminex magnetic bead-based multiplex immunoassay (Milliplex Human Cytokine Panel A [HCYTA-60K-27]; EMD Millipore, Merck, MA, USA) at Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, Toronto, Canada (www.pmgenomics.ca). This assay has been validated for human tears in several prior reports.…”

“…28,29 Primary open and closed angle glaucoma have been associated with elevated levels of cytokines in tears and aqueous humor involved in inflammation, namely IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-γ , monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, TNFα, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which in turn have been associated with increased IOP and suspected to have a role in RGC death and the pathogenesis of glaucoma. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Nonetheless, no studies have yet investigated the composition of ocular fluids, including tears, of KPro patients with glaucoma, possibly because of the KPro patient population not being as large as other ophthalmic patient populations, as well as the technical challenge of small tear volumes in general.…”

Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

“…The mechanism of miR-200c action is based on post-transcriptional inhibition of genes associated with contraction regulation of TM cells, including Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and 2 (ZEB2), forming homology 2 domain containing 1 (FHOD1), lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1/EDG2), endothelin A receptor (ETAR), and Rho-A kinase. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and interleukins are significantly up-regulated in the AH and retina in POAG [81,[127][128][129] and are responsible for microglial activation and lymphocyte infiltration [130][131][132]. These findings emphasize the relation between inflammation and optic nerve injury in POAG.…”